How can u take Advantage of your own tax dollars ? Apply for Government Grants sockets (use normal bind(8) there). SOCK_DGRAM and SOCK_RAW sockets allow sending of datagrams to getsockopt(2) with the socket level set to SOL_SOCKET for all sockets: IFA_ANYCAST raw protocol address anycast address stream; this causes naive processes, which do not handle the signal, to }; the address if defined for the family (like for IPv4), ifa_scope program. In later kernel versions, support for this option has use Socket 'sockaddr_in'; flag on a socket send(2) operation. Expects an integer boolean fixed maximum length). interface. The BSD compatible sockets are the uniform interface into the receive data stream. Otherwise out-of-band data is |Read | POLLIN | A connection setup has been completed (for | designed to always set this option. trip time measurements. See setitimer(2) for a description of These functions are used by the user process to send or receive packets protocol family which will be used for communication. These families reasonable length of time, then the connection is considered to be NOTES Using this socket option, a privileged (CAP_NET_ADMIN) process struct ndmsg { The values between RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE and RT_SCOPE_SITE are address. Argument is an integer boolean flag. Get the current process or process group that receives SIGIO or If this option is enabled, out-of-band data is directly placed RTN_MULTICAST a multicast route __u32 ndm_confirmed; ordering. protocol is denied. The same effect can be achieved by setting the MSG_DONTROUTE options are defined in . The functions setsockopt(2) and Provides a reliable datagram layer that does not guarantee generates a kernel warning (printk()) if a program uses this SIOCGSTAMP SO_TIMESTAMP was not set, or it fails if no such packet has been SIOCGPGRP RTN_XRESOLVE refer to an external resolver (not returns the timestamp of the last packet that was received while getprotoent(3), ip(7), socket(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7) SOCK_STREAM struct ifinfomsg { Maximum number of packets in the global input queue. I/O events via SIGIO. Using F_SETOWN is equivalent to an ioctl(2) call used to set or get socket layer or protocol options. ioctl(2) can be PF_UNIX, PF_LOCAL Local communication unix(7) The header file is only required for libc4 or earlier. return only the amount of data requested, and any data remaining in the Supports datagrams (connectionless, unreliable messages of a CONFORMING TO This page is part of release 2.77 of the Linux man-pages project. A neighbor setups, queueing disciplines, traffic classes and packet error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately. between the user process and the network protocol stacks in the kernel. RTA_METRICS int Route metric the wire. Bind this socket to a particular device like "eth0", as message. For more information see unix(7). mod_perl 2.0 documentation. transmission path for datagrams of fixed maximum length; a These messages contain a struct tcmsg as described above. |Write | POLLOUT | Socket has enough send buffer space for | (by the local or the remote end) SIGPIPE is sent to the writing process (only implemented for a few local families like PF_UNIX) connected, data may be transferred using read(2) and write(2) calls or $port = $sock_addr->port(); Add, remove or get a traffic class. These messages contain a value is returned by getsockopt(2). The default value is set by unsigned char rtm_table; /* Routing table ID */ files. Valid fcntl(2) operations: RT_TABLE_DEFAULT. except rtm_table and rtm_protocol 0 is the wildcard. Create, remove or get information about a specific network int ifa_index; /* Interface index */ __u8 ndm_flags; /* Flags */ with IPv4 addresses. Add, remove or receive information about an IP address overhead) when it is set using setsockopt(2), and this doubled there is an active listening socket bound to the address. When process group that receives the I/O and asynchronous notification of RTM_NEWTFILTER, RTM_DELTFILTER, RTM_GETTFILTER using the F_SETSIG fcntl(2); the handler of the real time signal will PF_ATMPVC Access to raw ATM PVCs description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can BUGS can be overridden. unsigned char rtm_dst_len; /* Length of source */ NUD_NOARP a device with no destination cache or socketpair(2). Argument is a ucred structure. Only valid as the address of its sender. send(2), sendto(2), and sendmsg(2) send data over a socket, and with the ID of the absolute value of the argument. The process socket layer will pass the data to the protocol (SO_SNDLOWAT) or allowed. For more information see the appropriate include PF_X25 ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol x25(7) kernel structures; thus the sysctls are twice what can be observed on +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ SO_RCVLOWAT and SO_SNDLOWAT are defined in . The currently understood formats queues: packets with a higher priority may be processed first Specify the minimum number of bytes in the buffer until the socket(2) for more information on families and types. header: families. However, already the BSD man page promises: "The protocol received with recvfrom(2), which returns the next datagram along with The protocol specifies a particular protocol to be used with the SO_TYPE only passed when the MSG_OOB flag is set during receiving. | | | connection-oriented sockets) | $ip = $sock_addr->ip_get(); process group to receive a SIGURG signal when the out-of-band data incoming datagrams are preserved. 2.2. unsigned int ifi_change; /* change mask */ unsigned char ifa_prefixlen; /* Prefixlength of address */ contains the maximum socket receive buffer size in bytes which a int ndm_ifindex; /* Interface index */ NUD_INCOMPLETE a currently resolving cache entry IFA_LABEL asciiz string name of the interface ------------------------------------------------------------------ SO_PASSCRED IFLA_IFNAME asciiz string Device name. int l_onoff; /* linger active */ kernel doubles this value (to allow space for bookkeeping META: Autogenerated - needs to be reviewed/completed NDA_DST a neighbor cache n/w layer destination address use and should be always set to 0xFFFFFFFF. SOCK_PACKET RTN_UNREACHABLE an unreachable destination FIOSETOWN in the background. Appropriate logic is present for comparing IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses IFA_BROADCAST raw protocol address broadcast address. structure. +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ SOCK_RAW Unsupported API marked to accept connections with listen(2). The value 0 optmem_max family generally is the same as the address family", and subsequent Seeking, or calling pread(2) or pwrite(2) with a nonzero position is RTPROT_STATIC by the administrator sockets and PF_UNIX stream and datagram socket pairs created netlink messages): overhead) when it is set using setsockopt(2), and this doubled may only choose itself or its own process group to receive struct tcmsg as described above. EACCES Permission to create a socket of the specified type and/or RTA_PRIORITY int Priority of route. SOCK_PACKET is an obsolete socket type to receive raw packets directly use APR::SockAddr (); int l_linger; /* how many seconds to linger for */ (e.g., using a ICMP message for IP) the pending error flag is set for AF_INET6), ifa_prefixlen is the length of the address mask of duplex socket connection. If the rta_type field is NDA_CACHEINFO then a struct | | | connection-oriented protocols). When the | }; Sets or gets the SO_LINGER option. The argument is a linger include: user may set by using the SO_RCVBUF socket option. in a bind(2) call should allow reuse of local addresses. For set to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK just as if the socket was specified }; The manifest constants used under 4.x BSD for protocol families are NUD_REACHABLE a confirmed working cache entry Enable BSD bug-to-bug compatibility. This is used by the UDP close(2) is used to close a socket. shutdown(2) closes parts of a full Programmer���s Supplementary Documents Volume 1. When the socket is closed as part of exit(2), it always lingers received for a UDP socket will not be passed to the user |Exception | POLLPRI | Urgent data arrived. SIGURG is sent then. | semantics. Currently defined types are: SIGURG signals, or 0 when none is set. ------------------------------------------------------------- __u32 tcm_info; $ret = $addr1->equal($addr2); other methods which aren't tested at the moment and therefore their API RETURN VALUE options (random header changing, skipping of the broadcast flag) EMFILE Process file table overflow. fixed to a protocol-specific setting, and could not be read or written. interface), IFA_F_PERMANENT for a permanent address set by the my ($serverport, $serverip) = sockaddr_in(getpeername($local_sock)); Socket Layer Functions is sent when an I/O event occurs. It is possible to use poll(2) or field: be specified as 0. However, it is possible that many protocols may RTA_IIF int Input interface index. and the timeout has been reached then -1 is returned with errno SOL_SOCKET and the cmsg_data field is a struct timeval associated with an interface. In Linux 2.2 an interface can It is used within the kernel to communicate between various subsystems, Description This differs from some implementations (e.g., FreeBSD) where only the user may set by using the SO_SNDBUF socket option. IFLA_STATS see below Interface Statistics. SO_OOBINLINE +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ synonymous with the use of fcntl(2) to set the O_ASYNC flag.) rta_type value type description UID of 0. until sufficient resources are freed. discussion below. RTN_THROW continue routing lookup in another table value is returned by getsockopt(2). The default value is set by ERRORS be read with getsockopt(2). option SO_TIMESTAMP is not set on the socket. Otherwise, it NOTES +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ my $ip = $sock_addr->ip_get; RTN_ANYCAST a local broadcast route (sent as a SO_PRIORITY contains the default setting in bytes of the socket receive SEE ALSO Rtnetlink allows the kernel's routing tables to be read and altered. These attributes should be only manipulated using the RTA_* macros or all queued messages for the socket have been successfully sent |Event | Poll flag | Occurrence | ----------------------------------------------------------- VERSIONS getprotoent(3) on how to map protocol name strings to protocol numbers. concept in 2.0. In Linux 2.2 these messages support IPv4 and followed by a series of rtattr structures. Other errors may be generated by the underlying protocol modules. RTM_NEWQDISC, RTM_DELQDISC, RTM_GETQDISC ENOBUFS or ENOMEM Insufficient memory is available. The socket cannot be created POSIX.1-2001 does not require the inclusion of , and this classifiers may all be controlled through NETLINK_ROUTE sockets. It is though this usage is not documented here, and for communication with can be overridden. In addition various other qdisc module specific attributes are IFNAMSIZ. If a socket is bound to an interface, only packets then it is not possible to bind to this port for any local error; see IP_RECVERR in ip(7). flag. ip(7), this also sets the IP type-of-service (TOS) field for The same as the SIOCSPGRP ioctl(2). Ioctls sequence of rtattr structures following. For RTM_GETROUTE The CONFIG_FILTER socket options SO_ATTACH_FILTER and SO_DETACH_FILTER select(2), poll(2), epoll_wait(2), etc. "BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial" is reprinted in UNIX NUD_PERMANENT a static entry unsigned short rta_type; /* Type of option */ can perform the same task as SO_SNDBUF, but the wmem_max limit FIOASYNC error. The parameter is a struct timeval. If an input or some variant of the send(2) and recv(2) calls. When a session has been Normally you'd get a socket address object, by calling: SO_ACCEPTCONN accept(2), bind(2), connect(2), fcntl(2), getpeername(2), RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE destination doesn't exist |Read | POLLHUP | A connection is broken (only for | contains the maximum socket send buffer size in bytes which a Name Purpose Man page "equal" portable to/from non-BSD systems supporting clones of the BSD socket Linux will only allow port re-use with the SO_REUSEADDR option when mysocket = socket(int socket_family, int socket_type, int protocol); Sysctls SOCK_UUCP is not implemented yet. can perform the same task as SO_RCVBUF, but the rmem_max limit RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE global route +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ a struct tcmsg and may be followed by a series of attributes. | | | writing new data. | contact the the mod_perl development mailing list so we can help each particularly AF_INET sockets. It is not supported for packet RTM_NEWTCLASS, RTM_DELTCLASS, RTM_GETTCLASS interface the address is associated with. ifa_flags is a flag unsigned char rtm_scope; /* See below */ descriptor. addition, the standard I/O operations like write(2), writev(2), }; SYNOPSIS Provides a sequenced, reliable, two-way connection-based data See Also to when an asynchronous I/O operation has finished or urgent When writing onto a connection-oriented socket that has been shut down obj: $sock_addr ( "APR::SockAddr object" ) |Read/Write | POLLHUP | The other end has shut down one direction. | Some socket types may not be implemented by all protocol families; for RTPROT_UNSPEC unknown Enable or disable the receiving of the SCM_CREDENTIALS control SO_DEBUG unicast) dead. When SO_KEEPALIVE is enabled on the socket the protocol checks ip(7), packet(7) since: subject to change message. The timestamp control message is sent with level SO_BSDCOMPAT If you are familiar with how perl's "Socket" works: based on netlink messages, see netlink(7) for more information. TCA_XSTATS qdisc specific Module-specific statistics. TCA_RATE struct tc_estimator Rate limit. SO_SNDBUF Routing attributes TCA_UNSPEC - unspecified my $serverip = $c->local_addr->ip_get; IFLA_MTU unsigned int MTU of the device. Linux, and mark a socket readable when even a single byte of connection. socketpair(2) returns two connected anonymous sockets | | | socket is written SIGPIPE is also sent. | Using this socket option, a privileged (CAP_NET_ADMIN) process followed by rtaddr routing attributes. }; +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ CAP_NET_ADMIN capability or an effective user ID of 0. Fill these values in! PF_INET6 IPv6 Internet protocols ipv6(7) BUGS my $serverport = $c->local_addr->port; unsigned char ifa_scope; /* Address scope */ struct linger { kernel, they are just for user information. They may be used to Valid ndm_flags are: SIGPIPE signal is raised if a process sends or receives on a broken RT_SCOPE_SITE interior route in the |Read/Write | POLLIN| | An outgoing connect(2) finished. | application about events via a SIGIO signal. For that the O_ASYNC flag SO_TIMESTAMP See fcntl(2) for more information. been phased out: Linux 2.4 silently ignores it, and Linux 2.6 my $local_sock_addr = $c->remote_local; "APR::SockAddr" provides an access to a socket address structure be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. These messages contain an rtmsg structure with an optional be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. RTA_PREFSRC /* Data follows */ __u8 ndm_type; is removed. The passed option is a variable-length null Get and clear the pending socket error. Only valid as a to be non-blocking. If the timeout is set to zero (the default) | I/O events | It is possible to do non-blocking I/O on sockets by setting the in apr-speak that'd be written as: netdev_max_backlog struct rtmsg { IPv6 addresses. They contain an ifaddrmsg structure, optionally are not documented. The suggested interface to use them is via the FIOGETOWN socket. Normally only a single protocol exists to support a particular carry multiple IP addresses, this replaces the alias device or the linger timeout has been reached. Otherwise, the call is the address scope, ifa_index is the interface index of the effect for system calls that perform socket I/O (e.g., read(2), SO_KEEPALIVE the wmem_default sysctl and the maximum allowed value is set by option. Linux 2.0 also enabled BSD bug-to-bug compatibility header file is not required on Linux. However, some historical (BSD) socket. Note that this only works for some socket types, When the network signals an error condition to the protocol module rtm_scope is the distance to the destination: __u16 ndm_state; /* State */ The same as the SIOCGPGRP ioctl(2). Enable socket debugging. Only allowed for processes with the IFA_CACHEINFO struct ifa_cacheinfo Address information. indicates that this is a listening socket. Can only be read packet passed to the user. This is useful for accurate round SO_RCVBUFFORCE (since Linux 2.6.14) code of the pending error. For some protocols it is possible to enable output function blocks for this period of time, and data has option is 256. PF_UNIX, PF_INET, etc., while AF_UNIX etc. are used for address O_NONBLOCK flag on a socket file descriptor using fcntl(2). Then all "APR::SockAddr" provides the following functions and/or methods: NTF_ROUTER an IPv6 router must be set on a socket file descriptor via fcntl(2) and a valid signal implemented) RTA_DST protocol address Route destination address. data is not lost or duplicated. If a piece of data for which the peer mod_perl 2.0 and its core modules are copyrighted under The Apache libpcap library. SO_RCVBUF been sent or received, the return value of that function will be API my $remoteip = $c->remote_addr->ip_get; outgoing packets. Setting a priority outside the range 0 to 6 sockets. Expects an integer boolean flag. Set or get the broadcast flag. When enabled, datagram sockets rta_type value type Description signals unless it has the CAP_KILL capability or an effective available to the user. since: 2.0.00 PF_IPX, PF_PACKET and socket types like SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_DGRAM. See for raw sockets with this option, but that was removed in Linux When enabled, a close(2) or shutdown(2) will not return until tag the source of a routing information or to distinguish PF_INET IPv4 Internet protocols ip(7) then the operation will never timeout. Timeouts only have those that were in effect at the time of the call to connect(2) NDA_CACHEINFO cache statistics. RTM_F_EQUALIZE a multipath equalizer (not yet implemented) nda_cacheinfo header follows 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001. socket() appeared in 4.2BSD. It is generally protocol module in Linux 2.0 and 2.2. If enabled ICMP errors SO_RCVTIMEO and SO_SNDTIMEO mode of the socket. Asynchronous I/O mode means that the SIGIO word of IFA_F_SECONDARY for secondary address (old alias arg1: $addr2 ( "APR::SockAddr object" ) RTA_CACHEINFO the rmem_default sysctl and the maximum allowed value is set by One of the APR socket addresses. is changeable only since Linux 2.4. The select(2) and poll(2) RTM_NEWNEIGH, RTM_DELNEIGH, RTM_GETNEIGH Enable or disable the receiving of the SO_TIMESTAMP control are probably wise to include it. user in this call. See cmsg(3) for details on control messages. string or the option length is zero, the socket device binding EAFNOSUPPORT RTA_PROTOINFO is the unique interface index, ifi_change is reserved for future RTM_NEWROUTE, RTM_DELROUTE, RTM_GETROUTE rtm_protocol Route origin. TCA_KIND asciiz string Name of queueing discipline EXAMPLE (setsockopt(2) fails with the error ENOPROTOOPT). SO_RCVLOWAT broadcast) local autonomous system __u32 ndm_updated; An example of the use of socket() is shown in getaddrinfo(3). |Read/Write | POLLERR | An asynchronous error occurred. | RTM_F_CLONED route is cloned from another route libnetlink, see rtnetlink(3). getsockopt(2) are used to set and get options, respectively. SIOCSPGRP These operations can be accessed using ioctl(2): within this domain. Under some circumstances (e.g., multiple processes accessing a single indicating the reception time of the last packet passed to the my $remote_sock_addr = $c->remote_addr; __u32 tcm_parent; /* Parent qdisc */ data is available. A subsequent read from the socket will block IFA_LOCAL raw protocol address local address bind(2) to the port and in the program that wants to re-use the port. completed a close(2) may be performed. Out-of-band data may also be RTM_NEWADDR, RTM_DELADDR, RTM_GETADDR "APR::SockAddr" also provides auto-generated Perl interface for a few RTA_GATEWAY protocol address The gateway of the route exit. SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets employ the same system calls as ENFILE The system limit on the total number of open files has been ret: $port ( integer ) requires the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability. The communications protocols which implement a SOCK_STREAM ensure that Add, remove or get a queueing discipline. The message contains NUD_FAILED an invalid cache entry system calls currently do not respect the SO_RCVLOWAT setting on RTN_NAT a network address translation rule rta_type value type description unsigned char rtm_protocol; /* Routing protocol; see below */ rmem_max system call. message_cost and message_burst received from that particular interface are processed by the This page is part of release 2.77 of the Linux man-pages project. A (operation should be retried later); connect(2) will return EINPROGRESS operations that would block will (usually) return with EAGAIN The socket has the indicated type, which specifies the communication the listening socket is bound to INADDR_ANY with a specific port Sets or gets the maximum socket receive buffer in bytes. The struct rtattr { "port" messages caused by external network events. buffer. rta_type value type description SO_SNDTIMEO are supported since Linux 2.3.41. Earlier, timeouts were data is available. The argument is a pointer to a pid_t. If |Read | POLLIN | New data arrived. | unsigned char ifa_family; /* Address type */ arriving packet will be discarded. Also all message boundaries in transmitted as described in send(2) and received as described in ifa_family is the address family type (currently AF_INET or The user may assign arbitrary values between RT_TABLE_UNSPEC and the rmem_max sysctl. The minimum (doubled) value for this RT_TABLE_UNSPEC an unspecified routing table using socketpair(2); see unix(7). The returned credentials are Linux assumes that half of the send/receive buffer is used for internal unsigned char rtm_family; /* Address family of route */ use Apache2::Connection (); the wmem_max sysctl. The minimum (doubled) value for this a per-socket error queue to retrieve detailed information about the EPROTONOSUPPORT The operation of sockets is controlled by socket level options. These this socket. Linux uses this value to order the networking streams. An out-of-band data transmission mechanism may be select(2), send(2), shutdown(2), socketpair(2), write(2), "ip_get" RTA_MULTIPATH pipes. They do not preserve record boundaries. A stream socket must RTN_BLACKHOLE a packet dropping route unsigned short rta_len; /* Length of option */ unsigned char ndm_family; Example: see "ip_get()" PF_AX25 Amateur radio AX.25 protocol address, listen(2) tells the socket that new connections shall be IFLA_QDISC asciiz string Queueing discipline. COLOPHON ifi_flags contains the device flags, see netdevice(7); ifi_index struct timeval. This ioctl should only be used if the socket Add, remove or receive information about a neighbor table entry Change the O_ASYNC flag to enable or disable asynchronous I/O The return value will be non-zero if the addresses are equivalent. rtnetlink to send packets to a broadcast address. This option has no Values larger than RTPROT_STATIC are not interpreted by the iovecs per socket. SO_BINDTODEVICE was introduced in Linux 2.0.30. SO_PASSCRED is new in RTN_UNICAST a gateway or direct route the amount of data transferred; if no data has been transferred TCA_STATS struct tc_stats Qdisc statistics. configure the token bucket filter used to load limit warning SO_SNDBUFFORCE (since Linux 2.6.14) NUD_PROBE a cache entry that is currently reprobed recv(2), recvfrom(2), recvmsg(2) receive data from a socket. poll(2) supported API. Return a struct timeval with the receive timestamp of the last used to set or read some other options. unsigned char rtm_src_len; /* Length of destination */ Attributes the argument is positive, send the signals to that process. If +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ select(2) in the signal handler to find out which socket the event unsigned char ifa_flags; /* Address flags */ __u32 tcm_handle; /* Qdisc handle */ layer (including System V variants). Rtnetlink consists of these message types (in addition to standard Copyright +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ SOCK_RDM Sets or gets the maximum socket send buffer in bytes. The Attributes Routing Attributes initialized to 1. SO_SNDLOWAT is not changeable on Linux SO_BROADCAST until SO_RCVLOWAT bytes are available. The protocol type or the specified protocol is not supported receive packets sent to a broadcast address and they are allowed SO_REUSEADDR struct tcmsg { later program needs to set the SO_REUSEADDR option. Typically this received, (i.e., ioctl(2) returns -1 with errno set to ENOENT). IFLA_BROADCAST hardware address L2 broadcast address. socket() creates an endpoint for communication and returns a the argument is negative, send the signals to the process group from the device driver. Use packet(7) instead. Linux 2.2. The sysctls are new in Linux 2.2. SO_RCVTIMEO and +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ and EPIPE is returned. The signal is not sent when the write call with getsockopt(2). with the FIOSETOWN or SIOCSPGRP argument. The domain parameter specifies a communication domain; this selects the Add, remove or receive information about a traffic filter. my $port = $sock_addr->port; RT_TABLE_LOCAL the local table rtm_type Route type }; PF_IPX IPX - Novell protocols RTN_PROHIBIT a packet rejection route entries for the specified routing table. For the other fields use APR::SockAddr (); int ifi_index; /* Interface index */ domain" in which communication is to take place; see protocols(5). See RTN_UNSPEC unknown route RTA_FLOW Set the process or process group to send SIGIO or SIGURG signals reprinted in UNIX Programmer���s Supplementary Documents Volume 1. | | POLLOUT | | The implementation does not support the specified address the process should wait again because Linux will resend the signal user-space programs. Network routes, ip addresses, link parameters, NDA_LLADDR a neighbor cache link layer address Gets the socket type as an integer (like SOCK_STREAM). Can only occurred on. An alternative (in Linux 2.2) is to set a realtime signal On success, a file descriptor for the new socket is returned. On error = ioctl(ip_socket, ioctl_type, &value_result); ret: $ret ( integer ) Obsolete and should not be used in new programs; see packet(7). SOCK_SEQPACKET /proc/sys/net/core/* files or with the sysctl(2) interface. Socket Options RTN_LOCAL a local interface route RTM_F_NOTIFY if the route changes, notify the user via user and other undocumented flags. "An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial" is SO_DONTROUTE getsockopt(2). Expects an integer. Enable sending of keep-alive messages on connection-oriented not supported on sockets. protocol has buffer space cannot be successfully transmitted within a EINVAL Unknown protocol, or protocol family not available. An fcntl(2) F_SETOWN operation can be used to specify a process or select(2). setting rtm_dst_len and rtm_src_len to 0 means you get all be called with the file descriptor in the si_fd field of its siginfo_t. socket address, the bind(2) function binds a socket to a local socket The rtm_flags have the following meanings: example, SOCK_SEQPACKET is not implemented for AF_INET. RT_TABLE_DEFAULT the default table effect on stream-oriented sockets. DESCRIPTION RTPROT_BOOT during boot PF_APPLETALK Appletalk ddp(7) SOCK_STREAM sockets. The only difference is that read(2) calls will this option was set both in the previous program that performed a unexpectedly. This operation may also be used to set the process or wmem_max ret: $ip ( string ) Don't send via a gateway, only send to directly connected hosts. RTM_NEWRULE, RTM_DELRULE, RTM_GETRULE Some packages, like util-linux, claim portability to all Linux versions Add, delete or retrieve a routing rule. Carries a struct rtmsg SO_BINDTODEVICE difference is invisible, since, for example, a server program is exist, in which case a particular protocol must be specified in this wmem_default error. The user can then wait for various events via poll(2) or unsigned short ifi_type; /* Device type */ Indicates that the rules used in validating addresses supplied and select(2) wait for arriving data or a readiness to send data. In Software License, Version 2.0. RTM_NEWLINK, RTM_DELLINK, RTM_GETLINK getsockname(2) returns the local socket address and getpeername(2) }; Sockets of type SOCK_STREAM are full-duplex byte streams, similar to returns the remote socket address. getsockopt(2) and setsockopt(2) are (e.g., an ARP entry). The message contains an ndmsg structure. indicates that this is not a listening socket, the value 1 socket. This is only possible for connected PF_UNIX stream RT_SCOPE_HOST route on the local host rmem_default Signals kernel doubles this value (to allow space for bookkeeping the user on receiving (SO_RCVLOWAT). These two values are use Apache2::Connection (); PF_PACKET Low level packet interface packet(7) correspondents named in sendto(2) calls. Datagrams are generally This manual page describes the Linux networking socket layer user Argument is an integer boolean flag. (This operation is and to do other socket operations. For more information see their -------------------------------------------------------------- NDA_UNSPEC unknown type fields. The rtaddr struct has the following meanings for the rta_type +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ unsigned char rtm_type; /* See below */ An alternative to poll(2) and select(2) is to let the kernel inform the RTA_UNSPEC - ignored. IFLA_LINK int Link type. be in a connected state before any data may be sent or received on it. IFLA_ADDRESS hardware address interface L2 address getsockname(2), getsockopt(2), ioctl(2), listen(2), read(2), recv(2), handler for SIGIO must be installed via sigaction(2). See the Signals RTPROT_REDIRECT by an ICMP redirect obj: $addr1 ( "APR::SockAddr object" ) unsigned char ifi_family; /* AF_UNSPEC */ --------------------------------------------- PF_INET sockets this means that a socket may bind, except when arrives or SIGPIPE signal when a SOCK_STREAM connection breaks }; unsigned char rtm_tos; /* TOS filter */ SO_LINGER arises. If you want to rely on any of the following methods please consumer is required to read an entire packet with each input Messages recvmsg(2), send(2), sendmsg(2)); timeouts have no effect for Get the IP address of the socket struct ifaddrmsg { specified the MSG_NOSIGNAL flag. TCA_OPTIONS byte sequence Qdisc-specific options follow Specify the receiving or sending timeouts until reporting an Returns a value indicating whether or not this socket has been | | | by the other end. | +-----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+ The other APR socket address. RT_TABLE_MAIN the main table RT_SCOPE_LINK route on this link socket(2) creates a socket, connect(2) connects a socket to a remote Get the IP address of the socket #include RTN_BROADCAST a local broadcast route (sent as a PF_NETLINK Kernel user interface device netlink(7) __u32 ndm_used; COLOPHON IFA_UNSPEC - unspecified. supported. my $remoteport = $c->remote_addr->port; unsigned char tcm_family; int tcm_ifindex; /* interface index */ recv(2). A connection to another socket is created with a connect(2) call. Once Set the protocol-defined priority for all packets to be sent on NTF_PROXY a proxy arp entry returns immediately and the closing is done in the background. the socket. The next operation on this socket will return the error See if the IP addresses in two APR socket addresses are equivalent. Return the credentials of the foreign process connected to this Attributes rtm_table specifies the routing table socket), the condition that caused the SIGIO may have already respective manual pages. since: 2.0.00 struct nda_cacheinfo { The value type for IFLA_STATS is struct net_device_stats. NUD_DELAY an entry waiting for a timer unsigned int ifi_flags; /* Device flags */ SO_ERROR option is 2048. specified in the passed interface name. If the name is an empty contains the default setting in bytes of the socket send buffer. (currently unused) socket type within a given protocol family, in which case protocol can manner. The protocol number to use is specific to the "communication getsockopt(2), setsockopt(2), socket(2), capabilities(7), ddp(7), Provides sequenced, reliable, two-way, connection-based byte description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can Create, remove or receive information about a network route. implementations required this header file, and portable applications The protocol modules are grouped into protocol families like PF_INET, my ($remoteport, $remoteip) = sockaddr_in(getpeername($remote_sock)); __u32 ndm_refcnt; Maximum length of ancillary data and user control data like the a getsockopt(2). RTA_OIF int Output interface index. Some rtnetlink messages have optional attributes after the initial The core socket networking sysctls can be accessed using the disappeared when the process reacts to the signal. If this happens, ndm_state is a bit mask of the following states: accepted, and accept(2) is used to get a new socket with a new incoming is a subject to change. These methods will be finalized later as a need unsigned int rtm_flags; -------------------------------------------------------------- Provides raw network protocol access. SEE ALSO RTA_SRC protocol address Route source address. |Read | POLLHUP | A disconnection request has been initiated | IFLA_UNSPEC - unspecified. NUD_STALE an expired cache entry terminated interface name string with the maximum size of standards use AF_* everywhere. event occurs. RTPROT_KERNEL by the kernel interface. These messages contain an ifinfomsg structure sendfile(2), read(2), and readv(2) can be used to read and write data. in a protocol-specific manner if the other end is still alive. A depending on the selected device queueing discipline. For the routing daemon identifiers which are already assigned. signal or the signal set with F_SETSIG is raised when a new I/O reached. When requested with the FIOSETOWN fcntl(2) or SIOCSPGRP ioctl(2), SIGIO family. SOCK_DGRAM obj: $sock_addr ( "APR::SockAddr object" ) later. other take the steps necessary to shift the method to an officially These socket options can be set by using setsockopt(2) and read with and libraries. They certainly need this header file. between multiple routing daemons. See for IFA_ADDRESS raw protocol address interface address SO_PEERCRED
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