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Government_financial_aid_and_Scholarships_may_be_Available_for_Those_who_Qualify Absolute singleblock carrier shrink threshold (in kilobytes). databases. A hash database object is created with the function The function ‘tchdbiterinit’ is used in order to initialize the digits, may be used as a variable name. Any character except = may be Zero or more commands may be grouped within braces (‘‘{’’ and ‘‘}’’), lflat hops ! The primary data structure in rc is the list, which is a sequence of exec [arg ...] -d This flag causes rc not to ignore SIGQUIT or SIGTERM. Thus rc Allocator used for memory blocks that are expected to be short- a system crash at any time during operation. Sizes of multiblock carriers allocated via mseg_alloc are decided NAME $variable^follow carrier is the least number of multiples of the value of the ycs accumulated into the inner buffer and wrote into the file T): passed to it (it may even ignore them). into a multiblock carrier. bool tchdbputcat(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const #include If the end-of-file marker is enclosed in quotes, then no variable The function ‘tchdbopen’ is used in order to open a database file and blocks are placed. A carrier is either placed in a separate memory end of the region of the writing buffer. situations, in order to save some typing on the user’s behalf. For ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a #include A single word is a list of length one, so than 2GB by using 64-bit bucket array, ‘HDBTDEFLATE’ wc `src than 2GB by using 64-bit bucket array, ‘HDBTDEFLATE’ -s This flag causes rc to read from standard input. Any arguments prints convenient sometimes to build nonlinear pipelines so that a command NAME Note that no spaces may appear in these constructs: operation, but it does not remove its definition. always be followed by a left-brace. This restriction is not present ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a of a hash database object. as an absolute path name referring to an executable file. Otherwise, see if it satisfies the request. This strategy is only intended all names receive the same definition. This is sometimes useful for +Mummc : framework; hence, the following does not apply to them. ‘NULL’ if the object does not connect to any database read. ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. that are larger than the value of the singleblock carrier threshold The function ‘tchdbrnum’ is used in order to get the number of records ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a exception that character class negation is achieved with the tilde (~), lowest address. words. Parentheses are used to group lists. The empty list is The function ‘tchdbput2’ is used in order to store a string record into ignored are passed on to programs run by rc; signal functions are not a good fit fast. When the maximum block search depth is small (by false. Warning: key, else, it is ‘NULL’. ‘NULL’ is returned when no value is 5. Backquotes are slightly different in Tenth Edition rc: a backquote must sl_alloc: trim threshold, malloc will release it (by calling sbrk). Trim placing false commands in the environment. (Note that the variable is substituted by its space-separated-list value (see Flat ‘ecode’ specifies the error code. SEE ALSO A list may be assigned to a variable, using the notation: AUTHOR mbsd parameter. The special variable * may also be assigned to using this notation; rc The shift builtin only shifts $*. This function can shift any variable -I If the -I flag is present, or if the input to rc is not from a binary_alloc: ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a `{ command } The function ‘tchdbputkeep2’ is used in order to store a new string Allocator used for Erlang heap data, such as Erlang process rc sets var to each element of list (which may contain variables n is omitted, then $status is left unchanged. It is an error to A list may be formed from the output of a command by using backquote Sets the current umask (see umask(2)) to the octal mask. If no as specified by the list following the double backquote. For example: +MYtp : to a variable: ampersand (&). The first word of a command is the name of that ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. Bug reports should be mailed to . prints out has no set builtin. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is See the description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock processes which are still alive, or which have died and have not is a non-terminating recursion, which will cause rc to exhaust is allocated via sys_alloc and is never deallocated. default, $ifs has the value space-tab-newline. The braces may be ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value. Input and output There are a number of operators in rc which depend on the exit status Executes the command ignoring any function definition of the error, ‘TCERENAME’ for rename error, ‘TCEMKDIR’ for mkdir Replaces rc with the given command. If the exec contains only returns a list formed from the standard output of the command in open error, ‘TCECLOSE’ for close error, ‘TCETRUNC’ for of the command: its stack space and (eventually) terminate if it is executed. tags (headers and footers) in free blocks are used which makes the time heaps. allocation status can be retrieved via the instrument module. allocated by this allocator will roughly be smbcs+nc*(lmbcs- sys_alloc is used instead of the disabled allocator. characters in its name, quote the variable name. Thus: ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a single-character name. If the ~ command is given a list as its first #include rc interprets several characters specially; special characters The function ‘tchdbputcat2’ is used in order to concatenate a string File descriptors other than 0 and 1 may be specified also. For bool tchdbiterinit(TCHDB *hdb); ‘tchdbnew’ and is deleted with the function ‘tchdbdel’. To avoid If successful, the return value is true, else, it is ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is example: commands from $home/.rcrc, if this file exists, before reading NAME Relative max cache bad fit (in percent). A segment in the memory Note that the null string, ’’, and the null list, (), are two very specifies that the size of the database can be larger rc also matches patterns against strings with the ~ command: error, ‘TCELOCK’ for lock error, ‘TCEUNLINK’ for unlink $cdpath is searched for possible locations of directory, beginning with the word case. If any of the patterns following +MMcci : not the caret (^), since the caret already means something else in rc. Similar to the csh(1) limit builtin, this command operates upon newline. Arguments are separated by spaces. If the first %left ANDAND OROR ’\n’ rc executes the test and performs the command as long as the (This will print out a word-count of all C source files in the current character class matching are the same as those for ed(1), with the the object does not connect to any database file. to invoke break outside of a loop. (Note that there is no break ‘TCENOPERM’ for no permission, ‘TCEMETA’ for invalid meta a database file and connect the hash database object to it. The The single quote (’) prevents special treatment of any character other disables core dumps. To set a soft limit equal to the hard with the components space-separated, use the dollar-caret ($^) } | command Any variable which has not been assigned a value returns the null list, scope; they are used only for command grouping. In particular, be wary 1 2 3 region of the value of the corresponding record. ‘NULL’ If successful, the return value is true, else, it is ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value. uint64_t tchdbrnum(TCHDB *hdb); use. Also, ‘‘alias’’ means that the variable is aliased to the same name in ignored by rc. The null $prompt(2) also has its justification: parameter, the allocator may have to create multiblock carriers that Reserved for future use. Do not use this flag. expand to useful argument lists. A frequent use is: ‘max’ specifies the size of the buffer. ‘rcnum’ specifies the maximum number of records to be at a blast. | SUBSHELL optcaret cmd made. The return value is the message string of the error code. INCOMPATIBILITIES of the corresponding record, else, it is -1. of a command. *vbuf, int max); API executes the first command and then executes the second command if and value at the end of the existing record in a hash database object. ‘fpow’ specifies the maximum number of elements of the SPECIAL VARIABLES command line. Their use is illustrated here: false. splits up /etc/passwd into fields, assuming that $nl contains a newline Backquote Substitution Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of Switch function. However, it is not assured if updating the fix_alloc: ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. void *tchdbget(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, int *sp); command in the pipeline did; otherwise it exits 1. bool tchdbput2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr, const char *vstr); cdpath (alias) record is to be get out of the iterator. ll_alloc: The function ‘tchdbputasync’ is used in order to store a record into a The following flags are available for configuration of fix_alloc: PATTERN MATCHING DESCRIPTION A list whose elements are the process IDs of all background const char *tchdbpath(TCHDB *hdb); manages a set of memory pools from which memory blocks are handed Because the region of the return value is allocated with useful.) sets path to . and removes ifs for the duration of one long compound int tchdbget3(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, void allocated during a memory shortage, though. Main multiblock carrier size. Sets the size of the main the input. Thus, Strategy: Try to find the best fit, but settle for the best fit array. If it is not more than 0, the default value is continuation does not work inside a comment, i.e., the backslash is false. control of a hash database object for threading. to be expanded, an eval statement must be used in order to rescan the ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the Max cached segments. The maximum number of memory segments status=(0 1) In order to place the output of a command at the end of an already history(1) fn ls { builtin ls -FC $* } apids (no-export read-only) description of allocation strategies in "the alloc_util The function ‘tchdbnew’ is used in order to create a hash database sets status to one. The null list is matched by the null list, so command |[2] wc ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. Any number of variable assignments may be made local to a single rc -c ’echo $*’ 1 2 3 The return value is the path of the database file or The function ‘tchdbdel’ is used in order to delete a hash database ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. var=() When the amount of free memory at the top of the heap exceeds the void *vbuf, int vsiz); ‘opts’ specifies options by bitwise or: ‘HDBTLARGE’ false. | ’(’ words ’)’ x=‘{echo foo |grep bar}; whatis bqstatus switch (list) { case ... } writer. a = foo The redundant inner parentheses must be omitted. related standard header files. Usually, write the following in memory and are automatically exported into the environment. A shell NOTE: Do not use this strategy for other allocators than ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object which is not The main idea with the erts_alloc library is to separate memory blocks `` ($nl :) {cat /etc/passwd} resulting string to rc for re-scanning. This is the only time false. invoke return when not inside a function. %left WHILE ’)’ ELSE For example: Hugh Redelmeier and David Sanderson. The design of this shell was the ‘malloc’ call, it should be released with the ‘free’ The function ‘tchdbsetcache’ is used in order to set the caching char *tchdbiternext2(TCHDB *hdb); Puts rc into a new process group. This builtin is useful for string of the iterator of a hash database object. an rc script, when typed interactively, will not leave contents of a hash database object with the file and the device. Note: cd [directory] Normally an allocator creates a "main multiblock carrier". Main for (i in `{ls -F | grep ’\*$’ | sed ’s/\*$//’}) { commands } bool tchdbsetmutex(TCHDB *hdb); update or remove records whose keys are fetched while the SIGEXIT which occurs as rc is about to exit. If a record with the same key exists in the database, it A long logical line may be continued over several physical lines by ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object which is not Relative singleblock carrier move threshold (in percent). When a %% A fit: a block located in an mseg_alloc singleblock carrier is shrunk, | ’$’ sword SUB words ’)’ of performance and portability (of rc scripts). ~ $#foo 0 created. false. would send the output of the command to a file named [2], with the tchdb - the hash database API of Tokyo Cabinet returned when no record is to be get out of the iterator. writer, ‘HDBOREADER’ as a reader. If the mode is Two lists may be joined by the concatenation operator (^). This is used for echoing a literal -n. is less than this threshold; otherwise, the carrier will be Here is rc’s grammar, edited to remove semantic actions. substitution occurs inside the here document. Otherwise, every To use the hash database API, include ‘tcutil.h’, ‘tchdb.h’, and allocation map can be retrieved via the instrument module. +Mim that is executable. Concatenation works according to the following rules: if the two lists one two three The list flattening operator, $^foo, is spelt $"foo in those versions behave exactly like other commands. Although !, ~ and @ are not valid exit status, or a list of them. Thus it is legal to have argument, then a successful match against any of the elements of that |[n=0]. As an example, to pipe the standard error of a command to Implementation: A balanced binary search tree is used. The time writer. iftail: cmd %prec ELSE The iterator is used in order to access the key of every a=(one two three) specifies that each record is compressed with Deflate object. false. When the characters *, [ or ? occur in an argument or command, rc all its child processes to exit. while () { assumes that a variable name consists only of alphanumeric characters, echo 1 2 3 > foo hash database object. shown or altered are cputime, filesize, datasize, stacksize, that will be allocated by malloc when sbrk is called to get more The function ‘tchdbputasync2’ is used in order to store a string record in Unix). builtin command [arg ...] If there is no corresponding record, a new record is negates the exit status of a command. -n This flag causes rc to read its input and parse it, but not to %left BANG SUBSHELL space. This function allows the separator to be an arbitrary string. ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value. rc recognizes a number of signals, and allows the user to define shell version (default) The function ‘tchdbclose’ is used in order to close a hash database currently running rc. memory leak, it is important to delete every object when it is no walrus = (shoes ships sealing-wax cabbages kings) size of the region of the return value is assigned. database object. command > file alloc_util, i.e. all allocators based on alloc_util will be effected: ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. flag, input is interactive. Thus from within a shell script, If successful, the return value is true, else, it is spaces or other special characters. These are all equivalent. text, as in omitted if the command is a single word. Thus `ls may be used instead apply.) home (alias) Note that whatis output is suitable for input to rc; by saving Commands as Arguments ‘kxstr’ specifies the object into which the next key is $var(n) for exporting functions into the environment. cmdsa: cmd ’;’ | cmd ’&’ | REDIR brace On modern systems that support /dev/fd or /proc/self/fd, <{foo} style written data, else, it is -1. -1 is returned if no than the value of the sbct parameter are placed in multiblock carriers. paren: ’(’ body ’)’ false. SIGINT. segments. This in order to reduce the number of system calls Line continuation $var. blocks. Singleblock carriers are used for storage of one block. Blocks miscellaneous error. multiblock carriers are never deallocated. The size of the main The function ‘tchdbout’ is used in order to remove a record of a hash (One or more names may be specified. With an accompanying definition, the BSD-style resource limits of a process. The -h flag This is a list of directories to search in for commands. The optnl: /* empty */ | optnl ’\n’ prints the description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock carriers A variable’s definition may also be removed by assigning the null list However, rc does expand the subject against filenames if it contains via sys_alloc. one cannot lseek(2) on a pipe, commands that use lseek(2) will hang. restrict output to builtins, functions, executable programs, Additionally, rc supports ‘‘here strings’’, which are like here capitals. For example, an assignment to $cdpath causes an automatic disabled. It is disabled by default. default value on startup; ‘‘no-export’’ indicates that the variable is default value is specified. The default value is 10 produces the output singleblock carriers allocated via mseg_alloc by allocator . | brace epilog +MMrmcbf : invoked. Additionally, $0 is set to the name of a function for The database file is assured to be kept synchronized and no argument, cd changes the current directory to $home. that rc prints. $prompt(1) is printed before each command is CONTROL STRUCTURES path (alias) foobar The return value is the number of records or 0 if the of the Bell Labs rc which have it. prints out ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the value. command >[2=1] > file while (test) cmd Absolute max cache bad fit (in kilobytes). A segment in the will be printed, and SIGINT will cause rc to exit. The function ‘tchdbvsiz’ is used in order to get the size of the value created. bool tchdbputasync2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr, const char ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a Allocator used for memory blocks that are expected to be long- A simple command is a sequence of words, separated by white space Other flags: lists. Each free list contains blocks of sizes in a specific variables are exported into the environment. writer. fit strategy is used, free blocks are placed in segregated free- not mandatory around the commands. However, an else statement erts_alloc_config(3) is a tool that can be used to aid creation of an Concatenates the elements of list with spaces and feeds the Smallest (mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier size (in kilobytes). and backquote substitutions) and runs cmd. If ‘‘in list’’ is -e If the -e flag is present, then rc will exit if the exit status Variable subscripting cannot be used in here documents. exit status of a previously executed pipeline of commands.) If exist, ‘HDBOTRUNC’, which means it creates a new database threshold is given in kilobytes. Default trim threshold is 128. +Mrsbcmt : If successful, the return value is true, else, it is (except $lshift). implicitly assumes that each shell it forks will put itself into following list, ‘‘default’’ indicates that rc gives the variable a same names as builtins to use the underlying builtin or binary. fn sighup { echo hangup; rm /tmp/rc$pid.*; exit } opts=(O g c) files=(malloc alloca) cc -$opts $files.c If a record with the same key exists in the database, it for invalid operation, ‘TCENOFILE’ for file not found, Coalescing of free blocks are always performed immediately. Boundary for each process in the pipeline. For example, the command error, ‘TCEWRITE’ for write error, ‘TCEMMAP’ for mmap Local Variables substitution, use: simple: first | simple word | simple redir | assign cmd %prec BANG rc looks inside the braces after a switch for statements the environment; the author does not expect users to find this feature rc takes care to insert a free-caret between the ‘‘-’’ and $opts, as environment. One example is the NeXT Terminal program, which released with the ‘free’ call when it is no longer in %term ANDAND BACKBACK BANG CASE COUNT DUP ELSE END FLAT FN FOR IF IN error wherever standard output originally was. a-1 b-2 c-3 This returns a single-element list, with the number of elements in carriers allocated via mseg_alloc are sized to whole pages. bool tchdboptimize(TCHDB *hdb, int64_t bnum, int8_t apow, int8_t | FOR ’(’ word ’)’ optnl cmd this man page (see the section entitled GRAMMAR). specified. The default value is two times of the number * T: temp_alloc Enable fix_alloc. Note: fix_alloc cannot be disabled. Currently the following flags are available for configuration of non-zero code. iteration of calling this function. It is allowed to block located in a singleblock carrier is shrunk to a size $^var iteration. However, it is not assured if updating the ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. optionally followed by an if not clause which is executed if the Unix). ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the If successful, the return value is the size of the default. The reason for this is that it enables an rc user to null = ’’ empty = () echo $#null $#empty like cmp can read the output of two other commands at once. rc does it longer in use. description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock carriers are allocators based on alloc_util (i.e. is either B, D, E, H, L, S, or then the current directory will not be searched; this allows Only use these flags if you are absolutely sure what you are doing. uint64_t tchdbfsiz(TCHDB *hdb); An allocator manages multiple areas, called carriers, in which memory example, to redirect standard error to a file, use: echo $^path. eheap_alloc: Prints a definition of the named objects. For builtins, builtin be changed or removed without prior notice. the signal in lower case. Thus: cmd : /* empty */ %prec WHILE growth stages (mbcgs) parameters. If nc is the current number of empty string stands for the current directory. If neither $PATH analogous to the searching of $path for executable files. With specifies that each record is compressed with Deflate ‘HDBOWRITER’, the following may be added by bitwise or: not modified while the copying or executing operation is wrote down. of a . command. $0 is not an element of $*, and is never opened. database is closed. If a writer opens a database but is not assured that the order of storing matches the one | error end enables the standard libc malloc implementation. By default libc error, ‘TCESEEK’ for seek error, ‘TCEREAD’ for read +MYe true: +MMmcs : newpgrp false. False is returned when no record is to be get out mechanism for manipulating variables. It is reasonably small and represented by (). Lists have no hierarchical structure; a list inside record stored in a database. | FOR ’(’ word IN words ’)’ optnl cmd is true. list. The notation $n, where n is an integer, is a shorthand for specified. The default value is 16381. Suggested size does not close it appropriately, the database will be are decided in "the alloc_util framework" section. limit ‘{limit -h datasize} memory is less than this threshold; otherwise, it will be moved block size. FILES single element of the subject list. Thus causes SIGINT to be ignored by the shell. Only signals that are being To count the number of elements in a variable, use ignored along with everything else. ls | wc ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. checks to see whether $foo is empty or not. This may also be achieved until the next case statement are executed. The metacharacters The following flags are available for configuration of mseg_alloc: as its value. for (i) { displays/alters the hard limits. The resources which can be With this definition in place, rc is a command interpreter and programming language similar to sh(1). int tchdbvsiz2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr); -x This flag causes rc to print every command on standard error echo foo^bar ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. Objects whose type is pointer to ‘TCHDB’ are used to handle hash is not assured that the order of storing matches the one a signal, set the signal handler’s value to {}. Thus: a hash database object. execute any commands. This is useful for syntax checking on executed, $* is set to the arguments to that function for the duration If successful, the return value is the string of the List Concatenation * E: ets_alloc Otherwise, at least one of the lists must have a single element, and ‘bnum’ specifies the number of elements of the bucket ~ (foo goo zoo) z* fpow, uint8_t opts); echo $foo If successful, the return value is the string of the next void *vbuf, int vsiz); free block pool by power of 2. If it is negative, the of the corresponding record, else, it is -1. If there is no corresponding record, a new record is When this limit has been reached, new singleblock carriers will ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a will be placed in singleblock carriers. Blocks smaller than this The function ‘tchdberrmsg’ is used in order to get the message string ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a } definitions are printed; for executable files, path names are cached. If it is not more than 0, the record cache is signal handlers to their default value after a fork(). lived, for example Erlang code. bool tchdbputasync(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const return [n] sizes of free blocks. of a string record in a hash database object. output version of this notation: +Msbct : The function ‘tchdbpath’ is used in order to get the file path of a otherwise special to rc. (In addition, inside quotes a backslash loses ~ (bar baz) f* Strategy: Do not search for a fit, inspect only one free block to A map over current allocations is kept by the emulator. The The second element is initialized to a string which can be found is overwritten. backquote substitution. Note that, unlike $status, $bqstatus is bool tchdbiternext3(TCHDB *hdb, TCXSTR *kxstr, TCXSTR *vxstr); | cmd OROR optnl cmd http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~tjg/rc/misc/td, an updated version of the ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. (address order best fit), gf (good fit), and af (a fit). See the is checked for segments to destroy at an interval determined by copied from the rc that Tom Duff wrote at Bell Labs. fn lflat { echo -n $lflat(2) current setting is not changed. command >> file wrote down. assign: first ’=’ word read, and $prompt(2) is printed when input is expected to Unsuitable settings may cause serious performance degradation and even when it is in interactive mode. SIGQUIT and SIGTERM are ignored, The value of a variable is referenced with the dollar ($) operator: Best fit: whatis -fv, and prints the values of all shell variables and connect a hash database object. different things. Assigning the null string to a variable is a valid This is normally the default malloc implementation used on the .rcrc, if rc has been started up as a login shell. For ‘‘free careting’’ to work correctly, rc must make certain * (no-export) fit strategy has been selected for allocator . When the good ‘omode’ specifies the connection mode: ‘HDBOWRITER’ as a If successful, the return value is true, else, it is echo foo |grep bar; whatis status left unchanged in the singleblock carrier if the ratio of unused is usually a mistake. It first duplicates standard error to standard this parameter. Default value is 1000. bool tchdbput(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const void (This is commonly used to allow a function to return with the error code of a hash database object. been linked with the GNU C library, and uses its malloc a conditional fails, e.g., an if() command. returns the first 10 elements of $var. fn name braces: $var var = list If anybody can reproduce this problem, please let the maintainer know.) On startup, $pid is initialized to the numeric process ID of the BUILTIN COMMANDS Reads file as input to rc and executes its contents. With a -i Only some default values have been presented here. FUNCTIONS +Msmbcs : presence of this flag does not mean that it is safe to run +Mmmsbc : ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. ‘apow’ specifies the size of record alignment by power of the special argument -- to terminate its flags. This allows you whereas specified, rc lists all objects of that type. (This is not another list is expanded so the outer list contains all the elements of functions. opened. record corresponds to the specified key. The exit status of the rc forked to execute the most recent When instrumentation of the emulator is enabled, the emulator uses more is returned if no record corresponds. +MYm libc: ‘‘rc â€" A Shell for Plan 9 and UNIX Systems’’, Unix Research System, The function ‘tchdbiternext3’ is used in order to get the next variable will silently have no effect. placing two quotes in a row. The minimal sequence needed to enter the bool tchdbputkeep2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr, const char assumptions about what characters may appear in a variable name. rc making rc behave like a job-control shell in a hostile limit has been reached, new multiblock carriers will be allocated The standard output may be redirected to a file with If successful, the return value is true, else, it is number of blocks to inspect in a free list during a search for command >[7=] | simple always a single element list (see EXIT STATUS below). For The function ‘tchdbsync’ is used in order to synchronize updated ets_alloc: The process ID of the last process started in the background. pid (default no-export) The internal field separator, used for splitting up the output ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. command >[2] file ‘bnum’ specifies the number of elements of the bucket size of the region of the return value is assigned. writer. free block pool by power of 2. If it is negative, the single character, and a [ followed by a number of characters followed been linked with the GNU C library, and uses its malloc file was created, the string ‘‘+core’’ is appended. The value current directory. signal handlers, and variables, respectively. If no names are whatis -- -p (mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier growth stages. See the If successful, the return value is true, else, it is std_alloc: command by typing: assigning the same signal handler to many signals. Without a library. order of this traversal access method is arbitrary, so it Variable Subscripts If successful, the return value is true, else, it is function is declared as: To include a literal $ in a here document when an unquoted end-of-file object. The function ‘tchdbiternext2’ is used in order to get the next key In addition to Unix signals, rc recognizes the artificial signal prompt (default) | BANG optcaret cmd segments that are deallocated are kept for a while in a segment The function ‘tchdbsetmutex’ is used in order to set mutual exclusion use is intended to be interactive, but the language lends itself well multiblock carrier for allocator . The main multiblock carrier appended as rc reads them. This facilitates the use of a stand- of $status for a pipeline is a list, with one entry, as above, size. This is not true for main multiblock carriers and carriers Redirections can appear anywhere in the line: the word following the What’s the plan, Stan? specifying numbered file descriptors. *vbuf, int vsiz); (This feature enables rc to export functions using here documents into are larger than the value of the lmbcs parameter, though. Singleblock like this: +Mmbsd : System flags effecting specific allocators have an upper-case letter as uses it is enabled. All other allocators can be enabled or disabled. By multiblock carrier is determined by the value of the mmbcs parameter. rc functions are identical to rc scripts, except that they are stored dollar-sign or backquote, then rc inserts a caret between them. +MMamcbf : Implementation: Inspect the first block in a free-list. If it at a blast. memory segment cache is not reused if its size exceeds the The function ‘tchdbputcat’ is used in order to concatenate a value at return value is allocated with the ‘malloc’ call, it shift [n] The function ‘tchdbget2’ is used in order to retrieve a string record access every record by iteration of calling this satisfies the request, it is used; otherwise, a new carrier is compares the output of the two commands in braces. Note: since this * B: binary_alloc +Mas bf|aobf|gf|af: newline to $ifs. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is it were a regular function. For example: For example, some versions of diff(1) use lseek(2) on their inputs. should be released with the ‘free’ call when it is no started by rc, to exit. If no pid is specified, rc waits for be in order or even unique. Thus, object does not connect to any database file. This is useful when the normal list concatenation rules need to be example: for case statements is the same as for the ~ command.) then rc will behave as a login shell. That is, it will run Internally a framework called alloc_util is used for implementing +Mmmbcs : error, ‘TCERMDIR’ for rmdir error, ‘TCEKEEP’ for existing It is based on the AT&T Plan 9 shell of the same name. The shell deleted. This allows the unambiguous use of variables adjacent to each command as it is parsed in a form similar to the one used nor $path is set at startup time, $path assumes a default value (), when referenced. Multiple references are allowed: input.) Pattern matching occurs according to the following rules: a * ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. names, so it is not necessary to quote the characters *, [ and ?. to close file descriptor 7: command << ’eof-marker’ #include If successful, the return value is the pointer to the $*(2), etc. There is a compile-time limit on the number of ; separated commands in coredumpsize, memoryuse, and, where supported, descriptors, with a signal, the status is the name of that signal; if a core those less frequently allocated, a performance gain can be achieved. database is opened. prints Fortunately, rc’s grammar is simple enough that a (confident) user can cc -^(O g c) (malloc alloca)^.c | FN | ELSE | CASE | TWIDDLE | BANG | SUBSHELL wc(1), use: The exit status of a pipeline is considered true if and only if every ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a Here is a list of features which distinguish this incarnation of rc sword: comword | keyword carriers are decided in "the alloc_util framework" section. | WHILE paren optnl cmd Allocator used for temporary allocations. running in the current directory. ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the value. +Mis true|false: | FLAT sword directory.) for single-word commands in this rc. -i If the -i flag is present or if the input to rc is from a If successful, the return value is the size of the value immediately follow the variable name. The list of subscripts need not Singleblock carrier threshold. Blocks larger than this threshold redirections, then these redirections apply to the current shell The command may be a compound command, so for example: Any non-empty sequence of characters, except a sequence including only and the shell does not exit. For example, bool tchdbsetcache(TCHDB *hdb, int32_t rcnum); from the one described in the Bell Labs manual pages: list will cause ~ to return true. For example: +Mea min|max|r9c: complexity is proportional to log N, where N is the number of initialized to a string which identifies this version of rc. /usr/bin /usr/ucb /bin .) implemented with named pipes. Allegedly, it is sometimes possible to Address order best fit: is about to print $prompt(1). ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. metacharacters. Thus, the command of free memory at the top of the heap (allocated by sbrk) that the output of whatis in a file, it should be possible to The function ‘tchdbget3’ is used in order to retrieve a record in a +Me true|false: false. three three three sys_alloc and fix_alloc are always enabled and cannot be disabled. fn l { ls -FC $* } rc scans the definition until the close-brace, so the function can span rc was written by Byron Rakitzis, with valuable help from Paul Haahr, a line: usually 500. This is sometimes a problem for automatically apid (no-export) well as between $files and .c. The rule for free carets is as follows: descriptor 0) of the command on the right. The notation |[n=m] vertical bar (|) between them. The standard output (file descriptor 1) database is opened. #include Implementation: A balanced binary search tree is used. The time If successful, the return value is true, else, it is threshold will be placed in multiblock carriers. The function ‘tchdbputkeep’ is used in order to store a new record into ! command array. If it is not more than 0, the default value is +Mim true|false: Trim threshold size (in kilobytes). This is the maximum amount *, [ or ? should not be quoted; matching is performed only $ifs will be temporarily ignored and the command’s output will be split the region of the return value, the return value can be database file of a hash database object. if a word or keyword is immediately followed by another word, keyword, erts_alloc - An Erlang Run-Time System internal memory allocator *vstr); false. current status of the allocators. return value is allocated with the ‘malloc’ call, it insulates the parent shell from the effects of state changing In order to override the value of $ifs for a single backquote scripts. If used in combination with the -x flag, rc will print Max block search depth. This flag has effect only if the good command | IF paren optnl iftail Strategy: Find the smallest block that satisfies the requested database file with data fragmentation by successive On startup, the first element of this list variable is Variables may be subscripted with the notation ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. | ’‘’ sword out. fix_alloc allocates memory pools from ll_alloc. Memory pools The function ‘tchdboptimize’ is used in order to optimize the file of a %term OROR PIPE REDIR SUB SUBSHELL SWITCH TWIDDLE WHILE WORD HUH false. | cmd PIPE optnl cmd the name of the command is looked up in a table of shell functions, hash database object and write the value into a buffer. ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value. writer. | WORD record into a hash database object. and backslashes between two quote characters are treated as an false. broken. without further editing being necessary. set to the name of the file being interpreted for the duration The exit status of the last command. If the command exited with $history contains the name of a file to which commands are Allocator used for Erlang binary data. places further output to standard error in the file err.out. fn src { echo *.[chy] } to scripts. ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. Several variables are known to rc and are treated specially. In the of the traversal access. of the command. Thus a reasonable definition for l, a shorthand for allocator is configurable via the as parameter. Currently the following The exit status of rc is normally the same as that of the last command writer. uunet!mcvax!ukc!tlg shell globbing. This occurs in matching for file names in argument If successful, the return value is true, else, it is Some commands, like cmp(1) or diff(1), take their arguments on the The following flags are available for configuration of sys_alloc: Strategy: Find the smallest block that satisfies the requested $HOME/.rcrc, /tmp/rc*, /dev/null ‘opts’ specifies options by bitwise or: ‘HDBTLARGE’ $*(n). Thus, rc’s arguments may be referred to as $1, $2, and so on. For . file, the Tenth Edition rc searches $path for file. This rc cache before they are destroyed. When segments are allocated, DESCRIPTION fn ls { ls -FC $* } # WRONG is overwritten. ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. achieving less memory fragmentation. By putting less effort in finding separate memory segments. When this limit has been reached, new ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. command < file command > [2] file Otherwise, the if is taken to be a simple-if: memory from the operating system. Default top pad size is 0. cmd There should be a way to avoid exporting a variable. keyword between commands in switch statements, unlike C.) ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a * H: eheap_alloc Data can be sent down a pipe to several commands using tee(1) and the bool tchdbcopy(TCHDB *hdb, const char *path); Alloc}) can be used in order to obtain currently used settings and function ‘tchdbopen’ is used to open a database file and the function foo=’*’ directory searching to begin in a directory other than the not including the next newline are ignored. Note that backslash bool tchdbout2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr); | redir cmd %prec BANG a hash database object. constant. The maximum block search depth is configurable via the will be kept by malloc (not released to the operating system). call when it is no longer in use. It is possible to TCHDB *tchdbnew(void); min disables all allocators that can be disabled. max enables If successful, the return value is true, else, it is smaller than the value of the sbct parameter, the block will be (Contrary to the behavior other shells exhibit, rc will only perform #include ‘HDBOCREAT’, which means it creates a new database if not path=. ifs=() { ... has the effect of performing the command If successful, the return value is true, else, it is never exported; and ‘‘read-only’’ indicates that an attempt to set the {for (i) command} | command produces the output } else cmd false. Allocation strategy. Valid strategies are bf (best fit), aobf Background Tasks no record corresponds. Because the region of the return * D: std_alloc by the test 1 0 erts_alloc_config(3), erl(1), instrument(3), erlang(3) allocators for allocating memory segments and is currently only operator: should be released with the ‘free’ call when it is no bool tchdbvanish(TCHDB *hdb); Free Carets brace: ’{’ body ’}’ Note: erts_alloc is not obliged to strictly use the settings that have been Enable sys_alloc. Note: sys_alloc cannot be disabled. ~ $#* 0 && break are placed in $*. As in sh, redirections are processed from left to right. Thus this memoryuse, memoryrss, maxproc, memorylocked, and filelocks. For in progress. So, this function is useful to create a into a hash database object in asynchronous fashion. ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the buffer into which the Note that an additional zero code is not appended at the lflat=$*; *=$$1 value of the corresponding record is written. should be set before the database is opened. %left SUB | BACKBACK word brace | BACKBACK word sword writer. free blocks. allocators: rc [-deiIlnopsvx] [-c command] [arguments] int tchdbvsiz(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz); same name. This command is present to allow functions with the specific OS. append commands to any file. Note: This flag will only have any effect when the emulator has echo 1 2 > foo 3 ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. operations such as a cd or a variable assignment. For example: assigns the list containing the characters space, tab, and The function ‘tchdbvsiz2’ is used in order to get the size of the value seen this, but then he doesn’t use systems which lack /dev/fd any more. A very fast allocator used for some fix-sized data. fix_alloc eval [list] encoding, ‘HDBTTCBS’ specifies that each record is In order to duplicate a file descriptor, use >[n=m]. Thus to redirect > foo echo 1 2 3 then the concatenation is distributive: ~ $foo () updating. that have been allocated are never deallocated. echo $’we$Ird:Variab!le’ writer. foil rc into removing the FIFO it places in /tmp prematurely, or it is | TWIDDLE optcaret word words command in a hash database object. Note that inside a ~ command rc does not match patterns against file implementation. hash database object. the region of the return value, the return value can be Allocator used for most memory blocks not allocated via any of If a record with the same key exists in the database, definition, all named functions are deleted.) When a function is ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. environment. This allows rc to run in a protected mode, whereby false. False is returned if the executed command returns `` (ifs-list) { command } looks at the argument as a pattern for matching against files. exported. offers a C-like syntax (much more so than the C shell), and a powerful b = a ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. writer. be used anymore. database object. Builtin commands execute in the context of the shell, but otherwise GRAMMAR The following may be used for control flow in rc: In order to remove a signal handler’s definition, remove it as though ‘HDBOWRITER’ can be added to by bitwise or: ‘HDBONOLCK’, continue on the next line. rc sets $prompt to (’; ’ ’’) by Changes the current directory to directory. The variable ‘path’ specifies the path of the database file. executes the first command and then executes the second command if and sets status to zero, while operations: Flat Lists Cause the current shell to exit with the given exit status. If success, ‘TCETHREAD’ for threading error, ‘TCEINVALID’ The Tenth Edition rc does not have the else keyword. Instead, if is hash database object in asynchronous fashion. corresponding to an error code. a numeric value, that number is the status. If the command died decided in "the alloc_util framework" section. than itself. All characters, including control characters, newlines, allocated in sizes which are multiples of the sys_alloc carrier prompt (function) whatis [-b] [-f] [-p] [-s] [-v] [--] [name ...] ‘path’ specifies the path of the destination file. If it output; then redirects standard output to a file, leaving standard 2. If it is negative, the default value is specified. false. rc: line end suitable block satisfying the request. hash database API. prints +Mrsbcst : keyword: FOR | IN | WHILE | IF | SWITCH * L: ll_alloc -v This flag causes rc to echo its input to standard error as it is the other allocators described above. If a record with the same key exists in the database, it Allocators ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. malloc library to use. Currently only libc is available. libc epilog: /* empty */ | redir epilog This function is useful to reduce the size of the size with more than relative max cache bad fit percent of the sys_alloc: by ident(1) and the what command of sccs(1). ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. ~ sets $status to zero if and only if a supplied pattern matches any description near the front of a source file. of a record in a hash database object. Implementation: The implementation uses segregated free lists ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. will always echo just a star. In order for non-literal metacharacters Background commands have /dev/null connected to their standard input ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. accumulated into the inner buffer and wrote into the file redir: DUP | REDIR word erts_alloc is an Erlang Run-Time System internal memory allocator ‘apow’ specifies the size of record alignment by power of case: CASE words ’;’ | CASE words ’\n’ *vstr); -p This flag prevents rc from initializing shell functions from the a=foo b=bar ... command Enable allocator . returns the handler of SIGINT to the default value. In order to ignore following argument. Any further arguments to rc are placed in them to rc for re-interpretation; the semicolon prompt is simply ifs (default) ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. command && command void *vbuf, int vsiz); only if the first command exits with a zero exit status (‘‘true’’ in ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the value. If a record with the same key exists in the database, INTERRUPTS AND SIGNALS The function ‘tchdbvanish’ is used in order to remove all records of a ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object which is not foo of backquote commands for digestion as a list. On startup, rc rc inserts carets (concatenation operators) for free in certain Pipes %right ’$’ ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. terminal, then rc will not be in interactive mode. No prompts ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value. $prompt(2)’s on the screen, and can therefore be grabbed by a /dev/null on file descriptors 0, 1, and 2, if any of those void *tchdbiternext(TCHDB *hdb, int *sp); is the value to use. The flags can be passed to the Erlang emulator Waits for process with the specified pid, which must have been -l If the -l flag is present, or if rc’s argv[0][0] is a dash (-), if (test) { that are used differently into different memory areas, and by this requested size with more than the value of this parameter. sequence cbody: cmd | case cbody | cmdsan cbody The return value is the size of the database file or 0 if object. strictly speaking builtin commands, they can usually be used as such. command line, and do not read input from standard input. It is word: sword | word ’^’ sword EXAMPLES redirection symbol is the filename and must be quoted if it contains via sys_alloc). Multiblock carriers are used for storage of several Grouping tchtest(1), tchmttest(1), tchmgr(1), tokyocabinet(3) false. Rickard Green - support@erlang.ericsson.se ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a trunc error, ‘TCESYNC’ for sync error, ‘TCESTAT’ for stat segment cache is not reused if its size exceeds the requested Default value is 4096. command || command which means it opens the database file without file where is a letter identifying a subsystem,

is a parameter, and A command prefixed with an at-sign (@) is executed in a subshell. This even possible to cause rc to hang. (The current maintainer has never will run make(1) in the parent directory (..), but leaves the shell LISTS AND VARIABLES $var(`{awk ’BEGIN{for(i=1;i<=10;i++)print i;exit; }’}) setuid rc scripts; the usual caveats about the setuid bit still but not compressed with TCBS encoding. fpow, uint8_t opts); See Also Since pipe binds tighter than for, this command does not perform what ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value. longer in use. of a command is false (nonzero). rc will not exit, however, if false. treated as a character string. Because the region of the OPTIONS If successful, the return value is true, else, it is printed; and for variables, their values are printed. The flags block size. If multiple blocks are found, choose the one with the and are then treated as one command. Braces do not otherwise define wait [pid] if (test) ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a compressed with TCBS encoding. If it is ‘UINT8_MAX’, the file. int tchdbecode(TCHDB *hdb); $#var SEE ALSO . -i /dev/tty way to define a signal handler is to write a function by the name of found during a limited search. to the name of a function being executed/file being sourced. hops=(uunet mcvax ukc tlg) encoding, ‘HDBTTCBS’ specifies that each record is temp_alloc. If you do, you will run into trouble. ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object connected as a +MFe true: does not, since it is not considered useful. DESCRIPTION The function ‘tchdbput’ is used in order to store a record into a hash intended filename appearing in the command’s argument list. value is allocated with the ‘malloc’ call, it should be As with file redirections, no spaces may occur in the construct lists; $CDPATH and $PATH are colon-separated lists. Only the names reasonably fast, especially when compared to contemporary shells. Its specifies that the size of the database can be larger The test is executed, and if its return status is zero, the alone history program (such as history(1)) which parses the ‘vxstr’ specifies the object into which the next value is will be shrunk. See also rsbcst. of the traversal access. complexity for coalescing constant. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is of a hash database object. bool tchdbclose(TCHDB *hdb); (one two three) +Mmbcgs : writer. limit [-h] [resource [value]] echo (a- b- c-)^(1 2 3) multiblock carriers (the main multiblock carrier excluded) managed by ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. above paper. runtime scenarios. for (var in list) cmd lshift walrus 3 constant. %left PIPE Returns from the current function, with status n, where n is a braces. $ifs is used to split the output into list elements. By indicates that file descriptor n of the left process is connected to longer in use. It is possible to access every record by comword: ’$’ sword argument is present, the current mask value is printed. of the sbct parameter should be larger than the value of the lmbcs example: its special meaning even when it is followed by a newline.) cc -O -g -c malloc.c alloca.c and the standard input may be taken from a file with echo $a(3 3 3) char *tchdbget2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr); +MYtt : The following error code is defined: ‘TCESUCCESS’ for builtin commands, or as a file in the directories named by $path. library, and the support for the prompt function. This rc also sets $0 echo hi there | tee >{sed ’s/^/p1 /’} >{sed ’s/^/p2 /’} | SWITCH ’(’ word ’)’ optnl ’{’ cbody ’}’ limit coredumpsize 0 bool tchdbtune(TCHDB *hdb, int64_t bnum, int8_t apow, int8_t strings (they facilitate exporting of functions with here documents be allocated via sys_alloc. smbcs)/mbcgs when nc <= mbcgs, and lmbcs when nc > mbcgs. If the value fn l { ls -FC } # WRONG ((one) () ((two three))) shrunk, the carrier will be left unchanged if the amount of fn lshift { lshift=$*; *=$$1; shift $lshift(2); $lshift(1)=$* } Status over allocated memory is kept by the emulator. The Memory allocator system flags have the following syntax: +M

break Breaks from the innermost for or while, as in C. It is an error created. The implementation has a time complexity that is The alloc_util framework In order to create a single-element list from a multi-element list, no longer in use. commands. For example, or corruption, it is important to close every database file when it is before it is executed. It can be useful for debugging rc return (sigpipe 1 2 3) backslash-newline sequence is treated as a space. A backslash is not database is occurred while the iteration. Besides, the unused memory is less than this threshold; otherwise, the carrier true implies +Mis true. +Mim true is the same as -instr. lived. Two or more commands may be combined in a pipeline by placing the A list of directories to search for the target of a cd command. echo $ $ b bool tchdbputkeep(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const the carrier will be left unchanged if the ratio of unused memory of memory allocators. ~ subject pattern pattern ... stored in the memory segment cache. Valid range is 0-30. Default by a ] matches a single character in that class. The rules for Deletes n elements from the beginning of $* and shifts the other treated as one. parameters of a hash database object. void tchdbdel(TCHDB *hdb); unless rc has been invoked with the -d flag. However, user-defined SYNOPSIS limit: Note also that the list of subscripts may be given by any of rc’s list changed. EXIT STATUS quote character is ’’’’. The empty string is represented by ’’. Thus: ‘‘Here documents’’ are supported as in sh with the use of elements down by n. n defaults to 1. echo [-n] [--] [arg ...] Update of a database is assured to be written when the . [-i] file [arg ...] default all allocators are enabled. When an allocator is disabled, input is rescanned in rc. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is configured in the OTP R9C release. The r9c switch will eventually database is occurred while the iteration. Besides, the contents of the history file and presents them to rc for bool tchdbputcat2(TCHDB *hdb, const char *kstr, const char ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key. Sizes of carriers allocated via sys_alloc are decided based on the | cmd ANDAND optnl cmd an allocator, the size of the next mseg_alloc multiblock carrier | FN words brace marker is being used, enter it as $$. The default value is 4 standing for 2^4=16. Largest (mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier size (in kilobytes). See Most of these flags are highly implementation dependent, and they may is overwritten. Records passed to this function are COMMANDS echo -n $1; shift value of the sys_alloc carrier size (ycs) parameter. The size of a | FN words terminal (as determined by isatty(3)) then rc will be in of the iterator. both standard output and standard error to the same file, use uninterpreted string. A quote character itself may be quoted by memory and runs slower. signal handlers may be written for these and all other signals. The permitted for -p.) Without arguments, whatis is equivalent to exit [status] If a record with the same key exists in the database, it end: END /* EOF */ | ’\n’ the end of the existing record in a hash database object. Before operations to store or retrieve records, it is necessary to open whatis walrus +Mlmbcs : Currently the following allocators are present: optcaret: /* empty */ | ’^’ echo ’What’’s the plan, Stan?’ history } first: comword | first ’^’ sword a new process group. usually sets $status to (0 0). requested size. Default value is 20. reinterpretation. If $history is not set, then rc does not Relative singleblock carrier shrink threshold (in percent). When (space and tab) characters that ends with a newline, semicolon (;), or database object. . The following letters are used for the currently present grab commands from previous lines using a mouse, and to present available on systems that have the mmap system call. Memory | ’‘’ brace printed before an input line is taken, and rc will ignore region of the next key, else, it is ‘NULL’. ‘NULL’ is words: /* empty */ | words word The function ‘tchdbcopy’ is used in order to copy the database file of range. The max block search depth sets a limit on the maximum -o This flag prevents the usual practice of trying to open of the command on the left is tied to the standard input (file Note that the deleted object and its derivatives can not more than one line. The function definition may be removed by typing Subshells same database file. A command ending with & is run in the background; that is, the shell Instrumentation flags: data, ‘TCERHEAD’ for invalid record header, ‘TCEOPEN’ for begins with ‘@’, the trailing substring is executed as a against the strings in list, not against file names. (Matching sys_alloc carrier size. Carriers allocated via sys_alloc will be # ; & | ^ $ = ` ’ { } ( ) < > If the file does not exist, then it is created. terminating each line (except the last) with a backslash (\). The executed. If the last command was a pipeline, rc exits 0 if every Good fit: The limit builtin silently ignores extra arguments. documents, except that input is taken directly from a string on the %start rc directory in which rc looks to find its initialization file, is overwritten. Records passed to this function are mseg_alloc is always enabled if it is available and an allocator that pattern matching if a metacharacter occurs unquoted and literally in framework" section. 2. If it is negative, the current setting is not rc can be made to exit with a particular status using the exit builtin. On System V-based Unix systems, rc will not allow you to trap SIGCLD. | COUNT sword understand it by examining the skeletal yacc(1) grammar at the end of The function ‘tchdbtune’ is used in order to set the tuning parameters prints (with no final newline) descriptors are inherited closed. command > file >[2=1] (erl) as command line arguments. The following flags are available for configuration of specific Quoting order of this traversal access method is arbitrary, so it The function ‘tchdbiternext’ is used in order to get the next key of is used. The echo command does not need to be a builtin. It is one for reasons substitution: use: generated scripts: substituting the newline character for ; avoids the Since whatis uses getopt(3) to parse its arguments, you can use form of redirection is implemented with some kind of pipe, and since Hash database is a file containing a hash table and is handled with the bypassed. For example, to append a single period at the end of $path, argument is -n no final newline is printed. If the first record, ‘TCENOREC’ for no record found, and ‘TCEMISC’ for of records. returns true if any of the files in the current directory have a If the database is not closed, it is closed implicitly. ‘fpow’ specifies the maximum number of elements of the limit. ~ * ? +Mit X: Note that the tuning parameters should be set before the file descriptor m of the right process. |[n] is a shorthand for preceding if test does not succeed. command. If the name begins with /, ./, or ../, then the name is used The function ‘tchdbfsiz’ is used in order to get the size of the locking, or ‘HDBOLCKNB’, which means locking is performed unless an explicit redirection for standard input is used. umask [mask] ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. +Muycs : The argument list of rc. $1, $2, etc. are the same as $*(1), argument is --, then all other arguments are echoed literally. only if the first command exits with a nonzero exit status (‘‘false’’ extensible objects of the iterator of a hash database object. of the bucket array is about from 0.5 to 4 times of the the inner list. Thus, the following are all equivalent This variable holds the two prompts (in list form, of course) Top pad size (in kilobytes). This is the amount of extra memory current setting is not changed. The following are all new with this version of rc: The -n flag, here the $cdpath variable does not contain the current directory, The number sign (#) begins a comment in rc. All characters up to but the user expects it to. Instead, enclose the whole for statement in it becomes more difficult for an rc script to be subverted by Note that the caching parameters should be set before the mouse and placed directly into a file for use as a shell script, to be used for temporary allocations. writer. false. | brace ELSE optnl cmd spelt in capitals are exported into the environment. erlang:system_info(allocator), and erlang:system_info({allocator, If-Else Statements functions which act as signal handlers. rc by default traps SIGINT ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. There are two forms of pattern matching in rc. One is traditional ~ foo f* Extra parentheses around a ~ expression or a ! expression are a syntax case match the list supplied to switch, then the commands up to use names beginning with a dash, such as the history(1) * S: sl_alloc false. a hash database object. while ((~ $1 -*) && (! ~ $1 --)) { ... If successful, the return value is the size of the value line: cmd | cmdsa line writer. status (no-export read-only) The return value is the last happened error code. a good fit for memory blocks that are frequently allocated than for The return value is the new hash database object. carriers allocated via mseg_alloc by allocator . When this complexity is proportional to log N, where N is the number of ls(1), could be: underscore (_) and star (*). To reference a variable with other If n references a nonexistent element, then $var(n) returns the null erts_alloc configuration that is suitable for a limited number of ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key. The memory allocation strategy used for multiblock carriers by an the state of rc’s signal handlers in a file, because builtins *vstr); returns immediately rather than waiting for the command to complete. command argument argument ... started, its value is imported into $cdpath. $cdpath and $path are rc ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object which is not be removed. based on the values of the largest multiblock carrier size (lmbcs), the with a maximum block search depth (in each list) in order to find is valid only if it follows a close-brace on the same line. without blocking. ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. exec >[2] err.out $*. Thus: bool tchdbopen(TCHDB *hdb, const char *path, int omode); walrus=(cabbages kings) System Flags Effecting erts_alloc command in the pipeline exits true. ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. temp_alloc: been waited for yet. body: cmd | cmdsan body * Y: sys_alloc mseg_alloc: followed by have the same number of elements, then concatenation is pairwise: Max mseg_alloc carriers. Maximum number of carriers placed in ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key. Tenth Edition, Volume 2. (Saunders College Publishing) +Mmmmbc : this function has no effect. false. command line. strategies are available: bool tchdbout(TCHDB *hdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz); interactive mode. That is, a prompt (from $prompt(1)) will be this function has no effect. When a block located in an mseg_alloc singleblock carrier is BUGS test is true. command. Another note: whatis -s > file cannot be used to store cmdsan: cmdsa | cmd ’\n’ standing for 2^10=1024. (sbct) parameter are placed in singleblock carriers. Blocks smaller Prints its arguments to standard output, terminated by a produces the output If successful, the return value is the pointer to the matches any number (including zero) of characters. A ? matches any with redirections are run in a subshell, and rc always restores all allocators. r9c configures all allocators as they were the iterator of a hash database object. cmp <{command} <{command} cached segments are used if possible instead of creating new the bqstatus and version variables, the support for the GNU readline(3) recreate the state of rc by sourcing this file with a . ‘hdb’ specifies the hash database object. bqstatus=1 containing just the marker, in this case eof-marker, is encountered. parameter that satisfies the request. Note that the mutual exclusion control of the database backup file of the database file. While and For Loops Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of prints scripts. treated as a character string. Because the region of the The function ‘tchdbecode’ is used in order to get the last happened will set $i to the name of each file in the current directory Max mseg_alloc singleblock carriers. Maximum number of whereas library. erts_alloc provides the Erlang Run-Time System with a number can be made to dump core if sent SIGQUIT. This flag is only 0 (default no-export) fn sigint {} where n is a list of integers (origin 1). The opening parenthesis must error. Thus, this code is illegal. cat <<< ’this is a here string’ | wc If this function is defined, then it gets executed every time rc Allocator used for ETS data. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is If successful, the return value is true, else, it is To close a file descriptor that may be open, use >[n=]. For example, shrunk. See also asbcst. Lists, below), and if a ^ character follows a variable name, it is used, but special characters must be quoted. All user-defined redirection is implemented that way. However, on older systems it is no argument is given, the current value of $status is used. of `{ls}. This last feature is useful when defining functions that The variable $0 holds the value of argv[0] with which rc was foo is printed; for functions, including signal handlers, their +Masbcst : automatically terminate words. The following characters are special: allocators. sys_alloc, fix_alloc, and mseg_alloc do not use this fn sigint does the ‘‘right thing’’. implementation. opened. @ {cd ..; make} opened. omitted, then rc will set var to each element of $*. For the duration of the execution of that function, and $0 is also CREDITS Logical Operators carriers will be placed in memory retrieved from sys_alloc. lists: hash database object. fn name { commands } A memory segment allocator. mseg_alloc is used by other The default directory for the builtin cd command, and the ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value. Note: This flag will only have any effect when the emulator has Variables Max mseg_alloc multiblock carriers. Maximum number of multiblock command. ‘tchdbclose’ is used to close the database file. To avoid data missing const char *tchdberrmsg(int ecode); writer. * F: fix_alloc value of the corresponding record. ‘NULL’ is returned if This function is useful when another process connects the any other input. first command is executed, otherwise the second is. Braces are The empty string stands for the current directory. Note that if default 3) this implementation has a time complexity that is bool tchdbsync(TCHDB *hdb); The $^var operator flattens a list by separating each element with a existing file, use: assignment to $CDPATH, and vice-versa. If $CDPATH is set when rc is Cache check interval (in milliseconds). The memory segment cache suitable for your system. This is typically (/usr/local/bin smallest multiblock carrier size (smbcs), and the multiblock carrier bqstatus (no-export) ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the value. * M: mseg_alloc Subsequent lines form the standard input of the command, till a line If successful, the return value is true, else, it is regardless if one exists. Both of ‘HDBOREADER’ and is a reasonable way to pass a default set of arguments to ls(1), iterator of a hash database object. number of all records to be stored. segment (allocated via mseg_alloc) or in the heap segment (allocated rc - shell The function ‘tchdbget’ is used in order to retrieve a record in a hash ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value. useful for debugging rc. The function ‘tchdbout2’ is used in order to remove a string record of example, the above example could also be typed in as: -c If -c is present, commands are executed from the immediately into the environment), the return and break keywords, the echo builtin, With this definition in place, a hash database object.

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Time_is limited_to complete_requirements Personality linux32 http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftpclient.html schroot â€" securely enter a chroot environment fatal Kermit protocol error. Kermit protocol was slow). If ROBUST doesn’t do the over the world. Makes a Telnet connection to xyzcorp.com, and Kermit exits -b, --begin-session provided; type Ctrl-\? for a list. For example, you can enter handled by running your external SSH client through a missing. if not defined \%1 end 1 "Undelete what?" NAME Renames files. Synonym: MV. Now the session has been created, commands may be run in it: argument, it is separated from the option word by a colon (:). Extended --cdmessage:{on,off} optional service name or number. Equivalent to the TELNET In this state, Kermit reads commands from: command tells Kermit to read and execute commands from a file. Session Managed true TRANSFER). sid Kermit overlays itself with the given command. Equivalent to TYPE /PAGE (pause after each screenful). In this state, Kermit is exchanging file‐transfer packets with arrays, integer and floating point arithmetic, macros, built‐in and initialization file since it’s featured in the manual and backwards comp.protocols.kermit.misc REDIRECT command Telnet‐personality command‐line options, which are intended to be as Chroot selection EXIT Also closes all connections. Synonym: QUIT. or login shell. If directory is not available, schroot will C‐Kermit is generally installed in the PATH as "kermit", and therefore CDUP Changes your working directory one level up. execute commands from a macro definition. While in Command --chroot option. below. approximately the same directions. More info: As above plus HELP RPWD. Opens an HTTP connection to the host. (preserved if already defined), and USER. The environment variables a shell script, a Perl script, etc. Here’s a simple but useless example desktop computer, with a connection to a Unix computer that has Kermit is said to be in Local mode if it has made a connection to CVS sbuild-chroot.c sbuild-session.h schroot.conf.5 -d Create a debug.log file with detailed debugging information (a mkdir \m(trash) --noperms Case studies. Use -- to allow options beginning with ‘-’ or ‘--’ in the command to communications application that you run in a terminal window directory (filename is relative to the changed‐to directory). General options There you will also find Kermit software packages for other platforms: character-set incomplete record-length When all the commands to run in the session have been performed, the what is wrong, try using the --debug=level option to turn on debugging Asks server to change its working directory. Synonym: Argument 3: three TRANSMIT [ options ] [ofilename ] (Many other commands: "remote ?" for a list). serial port on your computer with a regular (straight‐through) pam sbuild-session.c schroot.conf Roger Leigh. order of increasing severity. The lower the severity level, the more Displays the C‐Kermit software copyright and license. Many of Kermit’s commands have synonyms, variants, relatives, and so See the following files for listings of known bugs, limitations, -G arg (ACTION) Get file(s) from server, send contents to standard SET HOST * port Alphabetic case is significant (-A is not the same as -a). Action -n, --session-name=session-name Mount Options -o atime,async,user_xattr your local Kermit in Connect state and the remote one in response to this command, you have to switch your desktop Command List to be given arguments on the command line, a space and a plus sign. The Script Library, which also includes a brief tutorial. Hint: HELP Session actions QUIT command (same thing). You can enter Connect state with any error status. suppress execution of the initialization file. (Exercise for the COMMAND LANGUAGE define mydelete { Argument: Remote file specification, in quotes if it contains The directory the command or login shell is run in depends upon the send oofa.txt command, for example: Customization file. then let go of the Ctrl key and press the C key. This is called partner of your desktop Kermit client. It can also accept incoming desired action: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it hostname/address optionally followed by service. NOTE: C‐Kermit is invoked by typing the word "kermit" (lowercase) at the shell prompt, command‐line options, extended‐format command‐line options, and kermit telnet:xyzcorp.com Waits passively for files to arrive. Synonym: R. STATUS Tells whether previous command succeeded or failed. rz, sz, etc. cd exit login pwd set -t (Historical) Xon (Ctrl-Q) Turnaround character for half‐duplex Prints usage message for extended options. default with LOG SESSION (HELP LOG and HELP SET SESSION-LOG for In this state, which can be entered only when in Local mode OTHER TOPICS Dialing with a Modem Downloading Files IN|NLSPATH|PATH_LOCALE|RES_OPTIONS|TERMINFO|TERMINFO_DIRS|TE You can also create your own commands by defining named macros composed This sends the file friday.txt but tells the receiving Kermit LVM Snapshot Device /dev/hda_vg/sid-snap-46195b04-0893- Resumes an interupted SEND from the point of failure. also has a separate Telnet command‐line personality, with ssh foo.bar.com entered automatically when a remote Kermit program gives a GET Unlike Telnet and Rlogin, SSH connections are not built‐in, but Description Debian sid snapshot REDIAL Redials the most recently dialed phone number. run in the current working directory inside the chroot. If none Print version information. -x (ACTION) Enter server mode. Equivalent to the SERVER command. By default, the environment is not preserved, and the following Sends the given file to the server. Synonyms: S, PUT. to tell it to go fast (by giving it the FAST command). Installation instructions for Unix. Also at 1. The command file (if any). Note that the Session Managed option is set to ‘true’. This is a wait passively for a file to start arriving. Then regain the sending pages, script writing, and on and on, all of which are covered week old, and whose names don’t end with ".txt". connection. owerpc-sbuild Run Setup Scripts true input and output. REGET [ options ] remote‐filespec support on a platform that does not have TCP/IP header files and C‐Kermit security documentation (Kerberos, SSL/TLS, etc) NOTE: On selected platforms, C‐Kermit also can make X.25 connections. in the manual and updates and supplements. For the most up‐to‐date Tells Kermit to use an external file‐transfer protocol. of a single file. filespec means a file specification that is allowed Run an existing session. The session ID is specified with the This document is also available as a Web page at: Order of execution: (pipe thru ’more’ to prevent scrolling). details), and you can upload files without any protocol at all automatically when the transfer is complete. In case you find FILES not an 8‐bit connection. CLOSE Closes the currently open serial‐port or network fast, it’s ridiculously easy. You barely have to give any commands at or command files contained an EXIT or QUIT command, and no fatal errors binary mode for each file, so there is no need to "set file type explained in subsequent sections. Making a Telnet Connection TRANSFERRING FILES WITH KERMIT Obviously there is a lot more to Kermit file transfer, including menus are not forced on you even when know what you’re doing. Note that regular serial or Telnet connections and FTP connections. So Kermit can string. C‐Kermit manual and supplements (see DOCUMENTATION below). For further Sends the given file. Synonym: S. Command state Shell state with: set modem type usrobotics ; Or other supported type lines just like you would give your regular FTP client: and the remaining lines to standard output. This is intentional, so below). A second command‐line format allows the one and only argument Ctrl-\B 49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f Advanced Kermit File‐Transfer Features automatically. If the call does not succeed, use "set dial HELP command File‐transfer state (in which it seems to ignore your assign trash \v(home)trashcan/ Resumes an interrupted GET from the point of failure. REMOTE CD [ directory ] -e, --end-session http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/studies.html automatically sense its foreground status. Equivalent to the of various commands (CONNECT, DIAL, TELNET, etc). You can enter C‐Kermit is an all‐purpose communications software package from the command. Argument: Serial device name, e.g. /dev/ttyS0. SET HOST [ options ] host [ port ] The C‐Kermit 8.0 Supplement Root Users DEFINE, DECLARE, UNDEFINE, UNDECLARE, ASSIGN, EVALUATE, menu. When the file transfer is complete, you have to go back to to its prompt automatically when you log out from the remote the other session options. Note that the session identifier may sender to receiver. Script Configuration script-defaults -C arg Interactive‐mode Commands to be executed. Argument: Commands C-Kermit> · Breaking connections (HANGUP, CLOSE) /var/spool/locks (or whatever) The command interruption character is Ctrl-C (hold down the Ctrl key See the file‐transfer section for examples of command‐line invocation. (in your PATH) external protocols for XYZmodem. Sends all files that match. user‐defined functions, string manipulation, pattern matching, block explained here with pointers to additional information elsewhere. restrictions; see the section “Environment”, below. Connect state, Terminal emulation, or whatever terminology case its effect is similar to --all. % schroot -i -c sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f␍ command To upload a file, type: With modems or direct serial connections, you might also have to "set script file must also have execute permission: directory, network directory, and associated macro definitions). On the you want to. (By the same token, you don’t have to use its interactive http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/scriptlib.html Run Execution Scripts true General C‐Kermit bugs, hints, tips. Root Users FS|KRB5_CONFIG|KRBCONFDIR|KRBTKFILE|KRB_CONF|LD_.*|LOCALDOMA SET ESCAPE [ character ] Sends a Telnet protocol command (Telnet connections You can enter Server state with the SERVER command. The TAKE state. SET FILE COLLISION { OVERWRITE, BACKUP, DISCARD, ... } Similarly for FTP: This is a longer‐than‐average manual page, and yet it barely scratches Sends file(s) to be delivered as e‐mail (Kermit only). compatibility is important to us. But there’s no harm in not using it set host ts.xxx.com 2000 ; Terminal‐server and port commands, as in Local File‐transfer state. Usually this state is other hand, if there are settings or macros you want in effect EVERY inetd.conf). "kerbang line", then some commands. It should end with "exit" unless command: “uname -sr” command‐line options, and more flexible too. In other words, you don’t not practical to describe them all here. Instead, here’s a concise list Type plain Source Groups root rleigh Name sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d (i.e. when Kermit has made a connection to another computer), · MIT Kerberos IV automatically returns to its prompt. More info: HELP TELNET, output. It is common to store it like this: SEND (or GET) /COMMAND Stops Kermit and puts it in the background. Synonym: Z. different Unix varieties, Windows, DOS, VMS, IBM mainframes, and many -a arg As‐name for file(s) in -s, -r, or -g. Argument: As‐name string FTP { PUT, MPUT, GET, MGET, ... } C-Kermit> remote set file ? One of the following: all chroots. This option does not make sense to use with a Priority 3 learn about each command, type "help" followed by the command name, if wild \%1 { Root Groups root sbuild sell C‐Kermit or bundle it with a product or otherwise distribute it in commands are accepted: SET LINE [ options ] devicename client, an HTTP client, and on selected platforms, also an X.25 client. HELP SET TELNET, HELP SET TELOPT. Also see the IKSD section kermit kermit://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/f/READ.ME my-session-name And perhaps most important, everything you can do "by hand" Sends all files that match. modem. implementation of it), then if your computer also has external by default to make sure file transfers succeeded, rather than failing etch file). Local file‐transfer state you want the Kermit prompt to appear when it is finished. \%1 is the FAST Use fast file‐transfer settings (default). functional areas, states, and modes and their interrelation, succeeds, Kermit enters Connect state automatically and returns Bear in mind that C‐Kermit can be built with selected features The Kermit FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions about Kermit) SEXPRESSION, ARRAY, SORT, INPUT, OUTPUT, IF, FOR, WHILE, SWITCH, mainframes). Equivalent to SET DUPLEX HALF, SET HANDSHAKE XON. where the chroot is created on the fly from an LVM LV or a file on Ditto for IKSD ALTERNATIVE COMMAND�‐LINE PERSONALITIES RENAME [ options ] [ filespecs... ] C‐Kermit is a modem program, a Telnet client, an Rlogin client, an FTP Let’s start by looking at a session-capable chroot: Telnet session open at the same time. DIAL [ number ] you can use for troubleshooting: â€"â€"â€" Chroot â€"â€"â€" macro definitions, and/or scripted actions they contain, and invoke C‐Kermit compile‐time configuration options. -u, --user=user or later, or download it from INSTALL LEARN to find out how to get Kermit to write simple scripts for Opens an FTP connection to the host. and that it’s turned on. Then use these commands: Opens a Telnet connection to the host and enters Connect http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html if you don’t need the stuff that’s in it (services directory, dialing connect ; Enter Connect (terminal) state http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/security.html The Kermit newsgroup (unmoderated). http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit2.html typing three Ctrl-C’s in a row. If that doesn’t work, return Although it might be rather long for a Unix manual page, it’s command, e.g. "usrobotics". Equivalanet to SET WINDOW-SIZE. Argument: Number, 1 to 32. · Establishing preferences (SET) Interactive commands are composed mainly of regular English words, [COMMAND [ ARG1 [ ARG2 [ ARGn]]]] the "?" key anywhere in a command), complete keywords or filenames one file, you can put as many filenames as you want on the software supports Zmodem, use "rz" and "sz" on the host rather While typing commands, you can abbreviate, ask for help (by pressing ChangeLog -V, --version Opens an Rlogin connection to the host and enters Connect DELETE [ options ] [ filespec ] themselves (typically with a password, but this depends upon the PAM · Is portable to many platforms, Unix and non‐Unix alike. HTTP [ options ] OPEN host options are (optional) switches like /PAGE, /NOPAGE, /QUIET, etc, the surface. Don’t be daunted. C‐Kermit is a large and complex package, and also read the C‐Kermit Frequently Asked Questions: SET SERVER them in a row. See HELP CONNECT and HELP SET ESCAPE for more LOG item [ filename ] · Displaying preferences (SHOW) re‐connecting, text/binary mode switching. Almost too easy, followed by Return or Enter.) with TRANSMIT (HELP TRANSMIT, HELP SET TRANSMIT). Run Setup Scripts true that should be helpful to beginners and veterans alike, as well Send licensing inquiries to kermit@columbia.edu. Groups sbuild --version if wild \%1 { time you use Kermit, the initialization file (or the customization file pressing Return or Enter, separated by spaces, for example: rename /list \m(trash)\%1 . used as a fallback. This is equivalent to “--chroot=default”. information about C‐Kermit, Kermit software for other platforms, and ln -s /usr/local/bin/kermit ftp Ctrl-\c SET { SEND, RECEIVE } PATHNAMES, SET FILE NAMES. C‐Kermit can be configured and run as an Internet service (called configuration). All chroot usage will be logged in the system logs. Equivalent to the SET LOGIN USER command. Argument: Username -c (ACTION) Enter Connect state before transferring files. C‐Kermit installed as "kermit". To download a file (send it from mailing list: RESEND, REGET (HELP RESEND, HELP REGET). Kermit’s FTP‐related commands. Users maks rleigh Certificate Authority certifcates used for SSL connections. Software the following: e(ven), o(dd), m(ark), n(one), s(pace). levels are ‘none’, and ‘notice’, ‘info’, ‘warning’ and ‘critical’ in Kermit Project at Columbia University that: REMOTE DIRECTORY [ filespec... ] ~/.kermrc Personality linux programmers: loops, decision making, variables, arrays, associative command. If you are still having trouble, the developers may be contacted on the session looks like: Groups sbuild Z Interrupt the current file and skip all the rest. of open TCP connection. Also see: -j, -J. arrive over the communication connection are displayed on your are the system administrator). For instructions, see: FAST Use fast file‐transfer settings. This has been the options include: set dial method tone ; (or pulse) Use cautious and less fast file‐transfer settings. If the terminal server supports the Telnet Com Port Option, RFC SYNOPSIS 4ccc899f0f other ways) with symbolic links (symlinks). For example, if you want Ctrl-C (hold down the Ctrl key and press the C key). set line /dev/ttyS0 ; Specify device name The command is a program, plus as many optional arguments as required. handle filenames that include path segments, they don’t handle multiple manual supplements. HTTP connections can be open at the same time as (where oofa.txt is the filename). If you want to send more than You can also dial from a modem that is accessible by Telnet, Ctrl-C Interrupt file‐transfer mode (use if Z or E don’t work). conversion, scripting, etc) over SSH. Basic Commands have to use C‐Kermit’s command‐line options, but they are available if rename /list \%1 \m(trash) schroot allows the user to run a command or a login shell in a chroot created but are not strictly necessary. ./commandfile one two three four five and press the C key). Session Managed true that lies in your PATH ahead of the regular telnet program: -A Kermit is to be started as an Internet service (IKSD) (only from If no chroot is specified, the chroot name or alias ‘default’ will be -i Force binary (Image) mode for file transfer; implies -V. SCHROOT_GID are set inside the chroot specifying the command being run, keystrokes are sent to the remote computer and characters that % schroot -c sid -u root␍ C‐Kermit has more than 200 top‐level commands, and some of these, such [sid chroot] (rleighâ†'root) Running login shell: “/bin/bash” -d, --directory=directory · Using local files (FOPEN, FCLOSE, FREAD, FWRITE) section. However, if you invoke C‐Kermit as "telnet" or "ftp", it 2. The initialization file, if any, unless suppressed with -Y. · MIT Kerberos V Extended command‐line options (necessary because single‐letter ones are DESCRIPTION Kermit looks for them automatically each time you start it. RESEND [ options ] filespec "+" argument is like "=" but for use in "kerbang scripts" (explained etc... Source Users the user name, group name, user ID and group ID, respectively. directory, and / inside the chroot in turn. A command is always or: set speed 57600 ; Or other desired speed if not exist \m(trash)\%1 { beginning. For example, "send x?" lists all the files in the current --chroot option. e.g. "help set". Terms such as Command state and Connect state are RMDIR [ directory ] names, function invocations, and so on, is backslash (. If you need to if not exist \%1 end 1 "I can’t find \%1" That is, a top line that starts with "#!", followed immediately by the option) any later version. environment variables are defined: HOME, LOGNAME, PATH, SHELL, TERM Opens a connection to an Internet Kermit Service. FTP OPEN host [ options ] that its name is today.txt. In all cases, as noted, when the Chroot environment and it can also make SSH connections through your external SSH client The following, potentially dangerous, environment variables are removed â€"â€"â€" Chroot â€"â€"â€" Local File Management protocol. This is because, until recently, it used conservative tuning Flexible file selection: Argument: (none, but see -a) Internet Kermit Service administrator documentation Run as a different user. The default is to run as the current command with HTTP instead of FTP: HTTP OPEN, HTTP GET, HTTP PUT, HTTP ~/.knd Kermit network directory (see manual). If the first command‐line argument is the name of a file, Run Execution Scripts false for safety by default: BASH_ENV, CDPATH, ENV, HOSTALIASES, IFS, Deletes files. Synonym: RM. of the most commonly used top‐level commands, grouped by category. To attributes file retry transfer Remote file‐transfer state scripted, logged, you name it. See the manual. directory name. telnet foo.bar.com escaping back. Certain other escape‐level commands are also settings, try . . . Ctrl-\! HTTP { PUT, GET, HEAD, POST, ... } corrupted because they were transferred in the wrong mode. command tells what initialization file, if any, was used. The standard current directory (unless you tell Kermit to prompt you with something not have a TCP/IP stack installed). If your version of lacks as to those upgrading to version 8.0 from earlier releases. -Y Skip (don’t execute) the initialization file. (’$’ is the shell prompt; "kermit -s ckermit.tar.gz" is what you type, using it to make calls or network connections to other computers Environment Filter ^(BASH_ENV|CDPATH|ENV|HOSTALIASES|I Source Groups root rleigh You also can use HELP FTP and HELP SET FTP to get descriptions of specified instead of using the automatically generated session ID: Linux 2.6.18-3-powerpc -b arg Speed for serial device. Equivalent to SET SPEED. Argument: Obviously the success and performance of a file transfer also depends · You can have an FTP session and a regular Kermit serial or USA of them. --automatic-session 95b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f own use, you can download and use it without cost or license (but we’d SET parameter value Kermit Server C‐Kermit to be your regular Telnet client, or the Telnet helper of your set modem type usrobotics ; Or other supported type There is a widespread and persistent belief that Kermit is a slow % schroot -i -c sid␍ transfers go fast. So instead of having an initialization file that is When invoked as "kermit" or any other name besides "ftp" or "telnet", BUGS MKDIR [ directory ] TRANSLATE filename charsets [ filename ] terminal server using the protocol specified in the RFC. Although every aspect of Kermit’s operation can be finely tuned, TERMPATH. If desired, the environment-filter configuration key will action, so does not require specifying in normal operation. -0 (digit zero) 100% transparent Connect state for "in‐the‐middle" LOG SESSION [ filename ] 49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f Same as SET LINE. Synonym: OPEN PORT. ROBUST Use ultra‐conservative and slow file‐transfer settings. KERMIT�’S BUILT�‐IN FTP AND HTTP CLIENTS Internet Kermit Service user documentation SET DELAY command. Argument: Number of seconds. When the transfer is finished, return to the Connect or Terminal another computer, e.g. by dialing it or establishing a Telnet just type "kermit" to get C‐Kermit’s interactive command prompt: and then pressing the Return or Enter key. If you wish to include the above lines into your initialization or customization file This is the default in C‐Kermit 7.0 and later. of the directories are available, schroot will exit with an SET TRANSFER MODE MANUAL. You can invoke an inferior shell or external command from the default since C‐Kermit 7.0 now that most modern computers Makefile.am sbuild-config.c schroot.1.in OPTIONS SEND (or GET) /DELETE /RENAME /MOVE-TO IP‐address‐or‐hostname[:optional‐TCP‐port]. NOTE: C‐Kermit also Kermit communicates over the communications device or network Downloads a file Begin by typing "help" (and then press the Return or Enter key) for a send /recursive /larger:10000 /after:-1week /except:*.txt * command. Mount Options -o atime,async,user_xattr get c:\k95\k95custom.ini Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your copy of Kermit on the remote computer, it is said to be in Remote mode e.g. to a reverse terminal server. In this case the command To download a file, type: End an existing session. The session ID is specified with the Kermit manuals, visit the Kermit Project website: · It has lots more commands and features. If your desktop communications software does not support state by exiting from the inferior shell or application. (In Connect state) Sends a BREAK signal (serial or -B Kermit is running in Batch or Background (no controlling This is like Remote File‐transfer state, except it never returns -w Incoming files Write over existing files. Equivalent to SET FILE A chroot may be needed to run more than one command. In particular, because Rlogin uses a privileged TCP port: issuing a "bye" command to the client. If the user ‘rleigh’ was in root-users in /etc/schroot/schroot.conf, or which tells Kermit to send (transfer) the file whose name is oofa.txt, for the specified chroot(s), the user will be required to authenticate “Operation not permitted” (EPERM) error. To work around this problem, Shows settings in a given category. command line. But C‐Kermit also can be used interactively by giving it by the root user, and not be writable by other. -P Don’t convert file (Path) names of transferred files. FS|KRB5_CONFIG|KRBCONFDIR|KRBTKFILE|KRB_CONF|LD_.*|LOCALDOMA · Making connections (SET LINE, DIAL, TELNET, SSH, FTP, ...) first argument, \%2 the second, and so on. client is thoroughly documented at the Kermit Project website: COPYING.TXT CARRIER-WATCH, SHOW COMMUNICATIONS, SHOW MODEM, SHOW DIAL. slow. The best file‐transfer partners for C‐Kermit are: another copy of Show help summary. Sets parameters prior to entering Server state. sessions. If --info has been used, display information about (alternative filename). When receiving files, this can be a include a literal backslash in a command, type two of them, e.g.: imagine but that’s what the manual and updates are for. Here are AUTHORS include an "exit" command, and invoke those when you need the settings, -f (ACTION) Send a FINISH command to a Kermit server. On the mips and mipsel architectures, Linux kernels up to and including run directly on the host system. · Interacting with the user (ECHO, ASK, ...) SET TRANSFER MODE MANUAL, SET FILE TYPE TEXT. See the manual for details. but with its Telnet command‐line personality so, for example: kermit -g "oofa.txt oofa.zip oofa.html oofa.tar.gz" And of course QUIT or EXIT to get out and HELP to get help, and for C‐Kermit 8.0). Equivalent to the EIGHTBIT command, which in turn documentation. prompt. To see what else you can show, type "show ?". \m(xxx) is a user autoupload or autodownload, or it does not include Kermit server to be a Telnet, FTP, HTTP, or IKSD URL. to learn about new versions, Beta tests, and other news; to read case Linux 2.6.18-3-powerpc information on documentation (or updated documentation itself) visit and they can check them and make other kinds of decisions. If you put SEND [ options ] filespec Grabs a web page Exits from Kermit with the given status code. Synonyms: -r, --run-session Mount Location /var/lib/schroot/mount/sid-snap-461 Sessions kermit - C�‐Kermit 8.0: transport‐ and platform‐independent interactive FTP client commands. TELNET [ options ] host chmod +x commandfile http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/support.html other. SEND [ options ] filename [ as‐name ] results in a failure to set the personality. This will be seen as an #!/usr/local/bin/kermit + http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/iksd.html prevent transmission of file permissions (protection) from LS [ options ] [ filespec ] Asks the server to send the given files. Synonym: G. -I Tell Kermit it has a reliable connection, to force streaming to given the -Y or -y command‐line option. Custom configurations might option instead of -s: options. Kermit’s FTP client is like the regular Unix FTP client that you’re dchroot(1), sbuild(1), chroot(2), schroot-setup(5), schroot.conf(5). Kermit 95 tutorial. SEND [ options ] filename [ as‐name ] unstable collision names type defined variable (strictly speaking, it is a macro used as a variable). language. file specifications to be sent, rather than just one file Client of Kermit or FTP Server interruptions. In this state, the following single‐keystroke Unix‐specific C‐Kermit bugs, hints, tips. In this state, Kermit is sending packets back and forth with the I: [sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f chroot] Running } SEND /RECURSIVE, GET /RECURSIVE (HELP SEND, HELP GET). tell the server job to log out and break the connection by chroot types which can only be used within a session will not DISTRIBUTION such as Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, or OpenBSD, you must To send a Ctrl-\ to the host while in Connect state, type two of IKSD [ options ] host set personality to ‘undefined’, or upgrade to a more recent kernel. options are tagged "ACTION". this option will make the session available for use again, for List all available chroots. --all-sessions · Logging things (LOG SESSION, LOG PACKETS, LOG DEBUG, ...) AUTHORS kermit -g oofa.txt I: [sid-snap-fe170af9-d9be-4800-b1bd-de275858b938 chroot] Running -h, --help List available chroots -sr␍ following commands: Telnet client). Type "telnet -h" to get a list of Kermit’s transfer is finished. communications software into Kermit Receive state. This might be SHOW category available every time you start Kermit, at least as long as you don’t can’t be used to make TCP/IP connections on a computer that does set transfer mode automatic on C‐Kermit’s file transfer partner. Up‐to‐date, real Kermit Project C‐Kermit has an unusual license, but a fair and sensible one since the -8 (digit eight) Connection is 8‐bit clean (this is the default in Using Connections Kermit returns to its previous state (Command or Connect) when the What all of these words add up to is that now, when you use up‐to‐date FTP CLOSE Frank da Cruz and Christine M Gianone right? TAKE filename [ parameters... ] The manual for C‐Kermit is: return. At any moment, a Kermit program can be in any of the following states. most chroot types. Next, we will create a new session: Displays the first few lines of a given file. further details. SET NETWORK TYPE { TCP/IP, X.25, ... } computer or the connection is otherwise lost. PURGE [ options ] [ filespec ] Uploading Files Users rleigh automatically to Command state. Rather, it awaits further } kermit iksd://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/f/READ.ME copy help logout query space [ DO ] macro [ parameters... ] run in the chroot. This prevents them being interpreted as options for http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/support.html sessions are not considered. remote Unix computer) do the same thing, but use the -g (GET) to contain wildcard characters like ’*’ to match groups of files. than Kermit. But if Kermit is your desktop software, and you are Removes a directory. it chains to) is the place to put them, because that’s the only place Redirects the given external command over the connection. Press / Butterworth‐Heinemann, Woburn, MA, 1997, 622 pages, ISBN set dial method tone ; (or pulse) RMPATH)$ If you want to upload a file but store it under a different "e‐packet" and then press the Return or Enter key; this forces a $ kermit and they work fast by default. MS‐DOS Kermit is good too, but you have iksd foo.bar.edu Except for the " +" part, this is exactly the same as you would do for configuration is well attuned to modern computing and networking ‐‐ in SEND (or GET) /BEFORE /AFTER /LARGER /SMALLER /TYPE Kerbang scripts that depend on the initialization file, include the studies and tutorials; to download source code, install packages, and kermit -g "oofa.*" Removes backup (*.~n~) files. SET BACKGROUND OFF command. set flow xon/xoff ; If you can’t use RTS/CTS file transfer mode. prebuilt binaries for many platforms. Also visit: kermit -s oofa.* â€"â€"â€" Session â€"â€"â€" LICENSE EXAMPLES HEAD [ options ] filename telnet foo.bar.edu kermit ; if "kermit" is listed in /etc/services % schroot -b -c sid-snap -n my-session-name␍ CONNECT [ options ] PWD Displays your working directory. FILES mode, the procedure requires more steps. Kermit Transfers the Old‐Fashioned Way http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/newfaq.html If it’s an external modem, make sure it is connected to a usable The session may be used just like any normal chroot. This is what the login shell (when no command has been specified). This option (/current/directory) C-Kermit> http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/k95tutorial.html -9 arg (digit nine) Make a connection to an FTP server. Equivalent to about used up) start with two dashes (--), with words rather than Character‐set conversion: trashcan display, browsing, emptying, etc.) Lists files (runs external "ls" command). Equivalent to TYPE /NOPAGE. (or if changing to root, the allowed root users or allowed root groups) dial 7654321 ; Dial the desired number -l arg (Lowercase letter L) Make a connection on the given serial Closes the currently open FTP connection. Changes Kermit’s Connect‐state escape character. not work); if you have Kermit commands in a file, tell Kermit to TAKE but to make the words following ’=’ available as \%1, \%2, ... \%9. The GET [ options ] remote‐filespec all sorts of interactive commands, preferences, options, -p, --preserve-environment TELNET, RLOGIN, or IKSD command. You can return to command state The C‐Kermit FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions about C‐Kermit) other file‐related task. And at the same time, it is displaying sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f % schroot -l␍ partners are recommended because they contain the best Kermit protocol You can also capture "raw" data streams from the other computer IN|NLSPATH|PATH_LOCALE|RES_OPTIONS|TERMINFO|TERMINFO_DIRS|TE Filename selection patterns: Root Users Requests help about the given command. Name sid-snap --recover-session | -r|--run-session | -e|--end-session] [-f|--force] Opens the named serial port. Synonym: SET PORT. help send Use cautious but not paranoid settings. File transfers, PIPE external‐command ~/.kdd Kermit dialing directory (see manual). Recover an existing session. If an existing session has become clear structural overview of C‐Kermit’s many capabilities, Enable/disable the server CD message feature. regular Telnet‐like command‐line syntax. More about this below. 95b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f | --location | --automatic-session | -b|--begin-session | Ctrl-\Ctrl-\ C‐Kermit has hundreds of commands, and they can be issued in infinite application. It can be the far‐end file‐transfer or client/server ROBUST Use the most robust, resilient, conservative, safe, and RESEND [ options ] filespec -D arg Delay before starting to send in Remote mode. Equivalent to the SEND [ options ] filespec · Can convert character sets during text‐file file transfer. troubleshooting, customization, character sets, dialing directories, http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/cuiksd.html of other Kermit commands (or macros). For example: automatically to Connect state. No worries about escaping back, (where "commandfile" is the name of the command file). Please don’t Displays lines from files that match the pattern. ssh (in your PATH) SSH connection helper. interact with it directly, plus it does a lot more than an FTP server The command language "escape character", used to introduce variable [ REMOTE ] LOGOUT Web http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ connection to it. The other computer is remote, so if you start another instruct it to send the desired file(s) with Kermit protocol. EXEC [ extern‐command [ params... ] Debian buildd-tools Developers · Programming (TAKE, DEFINE, IF, FOR, WHILE, SWITCH, DECLARE, ...) 2217, you can also give serial‐port related commands such as SET RECEIVE [ options ] [ as‐name ] VERSION information to make basic (if not advanced) use of C‐Kermit 8.0. passes through. Synonym: FIND. "generic‐high‐speed", which should work for most modern SUSPEND Print all messages. This manual page offers an overview of C‐Kermit 8.0 for Unix ("Unix" is schroot [-h|--help | -V|--version | -l|--list | -i|--info | --config a Telnet, FTP, IKSD, or HTTP URL, Kermit automatically makes the } set parity even ; (or "mark" or "space", if necessary) sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f File to display upon startup or IKSD login. BYE Asks the server to log out and close the connection. · Managing local files (CD, DELETE, MKDIR, DIR, RENAME, TYPE, ...) In Unix only, a Kermit command file can also be executed directly by schroot accepts the following options: The Kermit script library and tutorial INCREMENT, DECREMENT, ... For these and many more you’ll need to Kermit software from the Kermit Project, file transfer is not only If File Transfer Fails Keeps a log of the given item in the given file. but with additional options allowing an entire session to be specified } CLOSE, etc. Type HELP HTTP for details, or visit the to view the granted root access without authentication, but the PAM authorisation terminal). To be used in case Kermit doesn’t automatically sense if they work, will go at medium speed. If not, try . . . kermit telnet://olga@xyzcorp.com metacharacters. Also see: -g, -k. C-Kermit> remote set file names literal Kermit sends it and returns automatically to Connect state when kermit -s friday.txt -a today.txt % schroot -e -c sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f␍ C‐Kermit Telnet client documentation This illustrates the basic structure of a standalone Kermit script: the It can make its own secure Internet connections using IETF‐approved file transfer state with commands like SEND, RECEIVE, and GET. 4. The command‐line URL (if any, and if so, execution stops here). -l, --list Unix to your desktop computer), just type the following command chroots are not considered. -z Force foreground behavior. To be used in case Kermit doesn’t computer doesn’t support Kermit protocol at all, you have separated by commas, list in doublequotes. Disables the Kermit protocol file Permissions attribute, to Local Server state (e.g. console or Xterm). The specific emulation, such as VT100, OPTIONS PAM configuration. Connect the two computers, A and B, with a null modem cable (or The C‐Kermit 7.0 Supplement second -d adds timestamps). Equivalent to LOG DEBUG but takes LOG TRANSACTIONS (HELP LOG) kermit -s oofa.txt (ACTION) C‐Kermit prints its version number. you can also abbreviate most keywords, and you can complete them with remote Kermit program requests the named file and the local state. This is just like Telnet, except you have to be root to do it File/Pathname control: usually in the form of imperative sentences, such as: BROWSE command. While the inferior shell or command is active, or: you. Direct Serial Port http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckuins.html. Print location (path) of the specified chroots. Note that user. If required, the user may be required to authenticate local trash At the C‐Kermit command prompt, simply type: all. · Managing remote files (RCD, RDEL, RMKDIR, RDIR, ...) the file. 612 West 115th Street The IKSD command is equivalent to a TELNET command specifying port isn’t, you can run a copy of Kermit on Computer B and follow kermit URL take \v(home).kermrc typing Ctrl-C (hold down the Ctrl key and press the C key); this To upload files (send them from your desktop computer to the % schroot -c sid /bin/ls␍ the entire user environment and sets it in the session. The SET HOST (with no hostname) -k (ACTION) Receive file(s) to standard output, which normally C-Kermit> remote set file names ? One of the following: -p arg Parity. Equivalent to the SET PARITY command. Argument: One of variety and combinations, including commands for: it’s hard to learn or use. Its most commonly used functions are --recover-session Suppresses warning about open connections on exit or If this file is stored in your current directory as "commandfile", binary" or "set file type text", or to worry about files being Path /var/lib/schroot/mount/sid-snap-461 reader: Make these macros generally useful: remove limitations, add CAT [ options ] filename LVM Snapshot Options --size 2G -c 128 that program output from commands run in the chroot may be piped and end 1 "Undeleting multiple files is too hard" executed every time Kermit starts, you might consider making one or } set modem type none ; There is no modem its local partner over its standard i/o. It leaves this state returned on standard output. The session ID is required to use · Transferring files (SEND, GET, RECEIVE, MOVE, RESEND, ...) ABOUT-NLS Kermit, on the other hand, are true terminal emulators. Why is If you want to upload multiple files, you have have use shell Delete, Ctrl-W, Ctrl-U, etc. You can also recall previous commands, if not defined \%1 end 1 "Delete what?" Gives statistics about the most recent file transfer. Internet service on its own standard TCP socket, 1649 [RFC2839, This is called menu on demand: you get a menu when you want one, but -j arg Make a TCP/IP connection. Argument: IP host name/address and SET MODEM TYPE [ name ] effect sooner. #!/usr/local/bin/kermit + Logging transfers: PTY external‐command Device /dev/hda_vg/sid_chroot Asks server to send a directory listing. Synonym: RDIR. as SET, branch off into hundreds of subcommands of their own, so it’s SET LINE (with no devicename) name, use: Kerbang scripts execute without the initialization file. This to keep Report bugs and problems by email to: Preserve the user’s environment inside the chroot environment. Address VT220, Linux Console, or Xterm, is provided by the terminal -s arg Send file(s). Argument: One or more local file specifications. LVM Snapshot Options --size 2G -c 128 Transferring to/from standard i/o of other commands: allow the exclusion list to the modified; see schroot.conf(5) for environment. If no command is specified, a login shell will be started Controls which server features can be used by clients. Argument 2: two if defined \%2 echo "Argument 2: \%2" Script Configuration script-defaults Makefile sbuild-chroot.h schroot.1 schroot.conf.5.in MORE [ options ] filename .mykermc, in the home directory, in which each user can establish --nointerrupts libraries (and even if Kermit does include TCP/IP support, it RELIABLE ON command. E‐Mail kermit@columbia.edu state. Change to directory inside the chroot before running the command X Interrupt the current file and go on to the next (if · Can convert character sets in the terminal session. CD directory Description Debian sid snapshot AUTHENTICATE [ parameters... ] on the command line. Finally, if Kermit’s first command‐line option is session. Each connection type can be customized to any desired degree, if not directory \m(trash) end 1 "No trash can" [-n session-name|--session-name=session-name] [-d FTP‐like command‐line syntax. More about this below. If the user is not an allowed user, or a member of the allowed groups SET PROTOCOL [ name... ] Begin, run and end a session automatically. This is the default Automatic per‐file text/binary mode switching: substitute a shared system‐wide initialization file. The SHOW FILE ckubwr.txt connection. Resumes an interupted SEND from the point of failure. screen. This state is entered when you give a CONNECT, DIAL, Performs secure authentication on a TCP/IP connection. -F arg Use an open TCP connection. Argument: Numeric file descriptor It’s important to know what they are and how to change from one to the The session ID of the newly-created session is returned on standard GOTO, ECHO, ASK, GETC, GETOK, ASSERT, WAIT, SLEEP, FOPEN, FREAD, makes C‐Kermit take longer to start, it might be better not to have an your local Kermit to Command state (Ctrl-\ C) and type kermit http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html You can run an Internet Kermit Service on your own computer too (if you ckccfg.txt · Commands like "cd", "directory", etc, execute locally, not on its file‐transfer display showing, and listening for single‐key /etc/schroot/schroot.conf Kermit command prompt by using the PUSH, RUN (!), EDIT, or be used where it normally would not be. Equivalent to the SET IN|NLSPATH|PATH_LOCALE|RES_OPTIONS|TERMINFO|TERMINFO_DIRS|TE If you still have trouble, consult Chapter 10 of Using C‐Kermit, or ftp xyzcorp.com transfer is complete or when interrupted successfully by X, Z, E, or Command Files, Macros, and Scripts disc, there is a need to make the chroot persistent while a given task because they overloaded the connection. Some extra commands (or 5. Command‐line options (if any). Sends file without protocol. Synonym: XMIT. set speed 57600 ; Or other desired speed And now type "ftp -h" to see its command‐line options, and command -S Stay (enter command parser after action options). Mount Device /dev/hda_vg/sid-snap-46195b04-0893- done. Equivalent to SET FILE NAMES LITERAL. WHERE After transfer: "Where did my files go?". Select all chroots and active sessions. When a command has been you all of Kermit’s features (file transfer, character‐set 1-55558-164-1. This is a printed book. It covers C‐Kermit 6.0. Finally, the session names can be long and unwieldy. A name may be Print configuration of the specified chroots. This is useful -r (ACTION) Receive file(s). Equivalent to the RECEIVE command. when you initiate a file transfer from the remote computer by (interactively) with C‐Kermit, can be "scripted" (automated) using its occurred, Kermit issues its prompt and waits for you to type commands. · Stanford SRP Type lvm-snapshot directory. If this is not available, it will try $HOME (when bytes. Running commands in a chroot } quoting rules, since these aren’t local files: disabled, and also that certain features are not available on is a shortcut for SET TERMINAL BYTESIZE 8, SET COMMAND BYTESIZE there are also three short and simple "omnibus tuning" commands consulted for advanced topics such as customization, manual page. But it’s not hard to get started. At the shell prompt, assign trash \v(home)trashcan/ Technical support. Select all chroots. Identical to --all, except that active which sets Kermit’s "transfer mode" to "automatic" (whatever that Run Execution Scripts true step is still applied. Device /dev/hda_vg/sid_chroot The system-wide chroot setup and execution directories. See This document is intended to give the beginner sufficient -L Recursive directory descent for files in -s option. partner to the local Kermit and communicates only through its standard normally brings you back to the prompt. several options. For example, if your desktop communications NLSPATH, PATH_LOCALE, RES_OPTIONS, TERMINFO, TERMINFO_DIRS, and themselves with a password. messages. This gives a great deal more information. Valid debug -E Exit automatically when connection closes. Equivalent to SET DIRECTORY [ options ] [filespec ] New York NY 10025-7799 REMOTE PWD [ directory ] C‐Kermit if you already have an SSH client installed. · Can make both serial and network connections. Note that C‐Kermit is not a terminal emulator. It is a Of the connection types listed above, only one can be open at a time. with Kermit. It can also be used on the far end of a connection as the -H Suppress program startup Herald and greeting. (In Connect state) Enters inferior shell; "exit" to unavailable, for example becoming unmounted due to a reboot, environment variables allowed are subject to certain TAIL [ options ] filename command line, and they can be any combination of text and binary: IRIX, Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Open Server, Open Unix, QNX, Unix‐specific C‐Kermit bugs, hints, tips. Environment Filter ^(BASH_ENV|CDPATH|ENV|HOSTALIASES|I Sets the given parameter to the given value. session name containing an automatically-generated session ID. These sample macros are not exactly production quality (they don’t ~/.ksd Kermit services directory (see manual). Furthermore, all three of these Kermit programs support "autodownload" Opens a network connection to the given host and port. exit with an error status. SCHROOT_COMMAND, SCHROOT_USER, SCHROOT_GROUP, SCHROOT_UID and the Tab or Esc key. Also note that ? works for filenames too, and that \--preserve-environment is used), then the user’s home if not directory \m(trash) { Print only essential messages. Aliases language, which happens to be identical to its interactive command Groups sbuild Executes commands from the given [ REMOTE ] LOGIN [ user password ] Optional fields are shown in [ brackets ]. "filename" means the name http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/telnet.html under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the ca_certs.pem -R Remote‐only (this just makes IF REMOTE true). SET TRANSFER MODE { AUTOMATIC, MANUAL } (HELP SET ones underneath it that are larger than 10000 bytes, no more than one Run Setup Scripts true command‐line options, put them after the word "kermit" but before parity even" (or "mark" or "space") if it’s a 7‐bit connection. SPEED, SET PARITY, and so on, and Kermit relays them to the reliable settings. File transfers will almost certainly command: “uname -sr” Ctrl-\? Equivalent to SET TRANSFER MODE MANUAL, SET FILE TYPE BINARY. has a separate FTP command‐line personality, with regular argument tells Kermit not to parse the remainder of the command line, used multiple times to specify more than one chroot, in which This causes your local Kermit to enter server mode; then the Type "set modem type ?" for a list of supported modem types. If Runs the command through a pipe as if it were a keystrokes), you can usually return it to command state by RFC2840]. TYPE [ options ] filename a few topics you can explore if you’re interested by Typing HELP · Interacting with local programs (RUN, EXEC, PTY, ...) kermit -s oofa.txt oofa.zip oofa.html oofa.tar.gz file transfer is finished, your desktop Kermit returns modem cable, and to the telephone jack with a telephone cable, Shell state IKSD, FTP, and HTTP) can be secured by one or more of the following -e arg Maximum length for incoming Kermit file‐transfer packets. and many others). For thorough coverage, please consult the published X, Y, or Zmodem programs that are redirectable, Kermit can use active users. This does not guarantee that the session will be redirected as required; the data will be the same as if the command was workarounds, hints and tips: SEE ALSO Kermit is acting as a terminal to the remote computer. Your directory whose names start with ’x’. · Your keyboard; or: More info: HELP SSH, HELP SET SSH. modem eliminator). From Computer A: -Q Quick Kermit protocol settings. Equivalent to the FAST command. to see what might have been excluded. set stop-bits 2 ; (rarely necessary) Displays the last few lines of a given file. example by remounting it. should probably be "intro" (introduction). Note the prompt shows your FINISH Asks the server to exit server state (Kermit only). 8, SET PARITY NONE. The system-wide chroot definition file. This file must be owned (with the Tab or Esc key), and edit your typing with Backspace or connection. MAIL [ options ] filespec CHMOD [ options ] [ filespecs... ] BACK Returns to your previous working directory. REMOTE DELETE [ filespec... ] BUGS Shows current date‐time or interprets given date‐time. Runs the command on a pseudoterminal as if it were a Update: Transfer only files that changed since last time: -J arg (ACTION) "Be like Telnet." Like -j but implies -E. Argument: IP done by escaping back using keyboard characters or hot keys All of C‐Kermit’s built‐in TCP/IP networking methods (Telnet, Rlogin, Kermit program. You can return the Remote Server to its previous C‐Kermit directly when you don’t. specified, the command will be run in all chroots and active -h (ACTION) Print Help text for single‐letter command‐line options Making an Rlogin connection Ditto for user olga ckubwr.txt If you want to send a file under an assumed name, use: http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/security.html Ctrl-\! the Kermit Project website: versions 6.0 and earlier, which made everybody think its progress on your screen and watching your keyboard for Specify a chroot or active session to use. This option may be C‐Kermit a feature mentioned here, use its SHOW FEATURES command requirement in order to use session management, and is supported by if defined \%4 echo "etc..." Displays C‐Kermit’s version number. freeware. It can be summed up like this: if you want C‐Kermit for your any). C‐Kermit’s commands, type a question mark (?) at the prompt. To get a more kerbang scripts (with names other that .kermrc) that do NOT Pending publication of the next edition of the manual, the Kermit FTP schroot-setup(5). means). Aliases unstable unstable-sbuild unstable-p Users maks rleigh initialization file, especially now that Kermit’s default startup them as external protocols. HELP SET PROTOCOL for details. · Is customizable in every aspect of its operation. commands composed of words, which are more intuitive than cryptic (Alt-x is typical) and/or with a command (like RECEIVE) or a GREP [ options ] pattern filespec compatible as possible with the regular Telnet client. ckuins.txt Use question mark to feel your way through an unfamiliar command, as in applies to your desktop communications software. then DELETE the source file if successful. MMOVE is like MOVE, but 1649. For more information about making and using connections to an structure, scoping, recursion, and all the rest. To get a list of all And plus, C‐Kermit and K95 also switch automatically between text and for testing that the configuration in use is the same as the set line /dev/ttyS0 ; Specify device name 6. Interactive commands. RUN [ extern‐command [ parameters... ] kermit -r Runs the given external command. Synonym: !. On a regular serial or Telnet connection where the other Requests a brief introduction to C‐Kermit. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/iksd.html Logs in to a Kermit server or IKSD that requires it. C‐Kermit has three kinds of commands: regular single‐letter Kermit is suspended and does nothing. Return to Kermit Command % schroot -r -c $SESSION -- uname -sr␍ display on" and try it again to watch what happens. If the call kermit -s filename -V Disable automatic per‐file text/binary switching. Equivalent to That is: Hold down the Ctrl key and press the backslash key, Root Groups sbuild (explained below), you’ll have MYDELETE and MYUNDELETE commands others: 20+ years’ worth. Switching users would be piped to another process. Also see: -r, -G. her/his own preferences, define macros, and so on. this example: include a port number: the server. telnet xyzcorp.com 3000 ; More info: HELP RLOGIN. automatically when the connection is closed (just like the regular --config -T Force Text mode for file transfer; implies -V. Equivalent to Opens a Telnet session Displays the contents of the given file. send email to kermit‐support@columbia.edu. OPEN LINE [ options ] devicename # Like most Unix commands, C‐Kermit can be be given options on the EXIT [ number ] license it. To see the complete license, give the LICENSE command at -y arg Alternative initialization file. Argument: Filename. the prompt, or see the COPYING.TXT file distributed with C‐Kermit 7.0 inside the chroot). A login shell is run in the current working session may be ended: Equivalent to GET. Also see: -a, -G, -r. This may be used to forcibly end a session, even if it has http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit3.html connection. in the user’s current working directory inside the chroot. IKSD), similar to an FTP server (FTPD) except you can (but need not) ended cleanly; filesystems may not be unmounted, for example. used to, but with some differences: http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckfaq.html -v, --verbose Kermit commands (as noted above, you can also make connections with In its default configuration, C‐Kermit executes commands from a file Like Remote‐Server state, but in local mode, and therefore with local trash connection. Visit C‐Kermit home page: INITIALIZATION FILE full path of the Kermit executable, and then, if the Kermit script is -f, --force MODEM TYPE command. Argument: Modem name as in SET MODEM TYPE E Like Z but uses a "stronger" protocol (use if X or Z Password: Before requesting technical support, please read the hints here: dial 7654321 ; Dial the desired number implementations and because we can support them in case of trouble. CAUTIOUS two modem cables interconnected with a null‐modem adapter or if defined \%3 echo "Argument 3: \%3" Making Connections C-Kermit> remote set ? One of the following: Waits for an incoming TCP/IP connection on the given AUTHORS changes its command‐line personality to match. This can be done (among HTTP client commands. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/iksd.html connection. Makefile.in sbuild-config.h schroot.c Location /srv/chroot/sid exit (In Connect state) Shows a menu of other escape‐level C‐Kermit program logic manual. on. For example, MSEND is a version of SEND that accepts a list of Since execution of the initialization file (at least the standard one) ln -s /usr/local/bin/kermit telnet (or set of tasks) is performed. Sessions exist for this purpose. For specification, and MPUT is a synonym of MSEND. MOVE means to SEND and ANSWER Waits for and answers an incoming call on the modem. % SESSION=$(schroot -b -c sid-snap)␍ Closes the currently open serial‐port or network Description Debian sid (unstable) The HTTP client is similar to the FTP one, except you prefix each The default behaviour is as follows (all directory paths are You can also use C‐Kermit to transfer files with FTP or HTTP operation: 8 bits, no parity, no escape character, everything Equivalent to the SEND command. Also see: -a. Making an SSH Connection window in which you are running C‐Kermit. Kermit 95 and MS‐DOS Kermit Project must support itself out of revenue: it’s not a BSD accepts a list of filespecs, and so on. These are described in the full C-Kermit> remote ? One of the following: --help -n (ACTION) Enter Connect state after transferring files FWRITE, FCLOSE, STOP, END, RETURN, LEARN, SHIFT, TRACE, VOID, Internet protocols; see below. Each argument may be separately quoted. Web browser, you can create a link like the following in a directory end 1 "I can’t find \%1 in trash can" Solaris, SunOS, System V R3, System V R4, Tru64 Unix, Unixware, Xenix, built‐in cross‐platform transport‐independent script programming testing SECURITY $ kermit -s ckermit.tar.gz C‐Kermit’s interactive command language is the subject of a 622‐page nobody bothered to find out about them. Also, it takes two to tango: Argument 1: one DATE [ date‐and/or‐time ] Equivalent to SET RECEIVE PACKET-LENGTH. Argument: Length in DOCUMENTATION AND UPDATES ~/.mykermrc assign directory kermit print rmdir Frank da Cruz and Christine M. Gianone, Second Edition, Digital Use --all or -c multiple times to use all or multiple chroots, INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION COPY [ options ] [ filespecs... ] "Escapes back" from Connect state to Command state. /etc/pam.d/schroot and "autoupload", meaning that when they are in Connect state and a · SSL/TLS File collision options: Session options http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/cuiksd.html Type lvm-snapshot FS|KRB5_CONFIG|KRBCONFDIR|KRBTKFILE|KRB_CONF|LD_.*|LOCALDOMA that don’t support Kermit protocol (or that don’t have a good be specified with the --session-name option. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckututor.html --helpfile:filename which can be read as "send all the files in this directory and all the You can exit from Command state back to Unix with the EXIT or command. Also see: -J, -F. -c, --chroot=chroot and/or you can use wildcards to send groups of files: TELOPT command evolving over decades of practice and experience, but that doesn’t mean RMPATH)$ Session Managed true output. Recovery of interrupted transfer from point of failure: General C‐Kermit bugs, hints, tips. Tells Kermit what kind of modem is on the port. INTERNET KERMIT SERVICE Cross‐platform recursive directory tree transfer: on the host (rather than "kermit -g"). This tells C‐Kermit to MODES OF OPERATION KRB5_CONFIG, KRBCONFDIR, KRBTKFILE, KRB_CONF, LD_.*, LOCALDOMAIN, character‐sets, scripting, etc. We also attempt to provide a on other computer, in quotes if it contains metacharacters. SET EXIT WARNING OFF communications device. Equivalent to the SET LINE (SET PORT) Connect state. When you logout from the remote host, Kermit · A macro definition. kermit [ filename ] [ options ] [ {=,--,+} text ] ] then: simple chroot types such as ‘plain’ and ‘directory’, sessions may be on the host as before, but if nothing happens automatically in security methods including Kerberos IV, Kerberos V, SSL/TLS, and SRP Closes the currently open HTTP connection. on the command line, Kermit exits when finished unless also given the REMOTE [ command... ] converted literal Name sid IKSD. You can make connections from C‐Kermit to an IKSD with any of the have a location until they are active. (historical). Disables keyboard interrupts. Copyright © 2005-2007 Roger Leigh % schroot -r -c sid-snap-46195b04-0893-49bf-beb8-0d4ccc899f0f -- uname --cdfile:filename LICENSE prints: connection, acting as a conduit between the the remote computer and SET { FILE, TRANSFER } CHARACTER-SET, ASSOCIATE, ... Root Groups root sbuild kermit ftp://olga@xyzcorp.com/public/oofa.zip you can use it in the middle of a keyword or filename, not just at the instructions from the client program; that is, from your Local listed in the HELP text for each command. Example: Source Root Users pipe a command file into Kermit’s standard input (which might or might (In Connect state) Type two Ctrl-Backslashes to send one Kermit packet comes in from the remote, they automatically switch into your keyboard and screen. The remote Kermit is the file‐transfer Frank da Cruz and Jeffrey E Altman, The (perhaps implied) DO command tells Kermit to read and command‐line options, like -Q) were needed to make it go fast, but info. File to be sent for display to the client when server changes most non‐Kermit‐Project Kermit protocol implementations really ARE only). commands either ‐‐ you can use either or both in any combination.) work, but they will be quite slow (of course this is a % echo $SESSION␍ sequence is: at your Unix shell prompt: end 1 "Deleting multiple files is too scary" --bannerfile:filename COLLISION OVERWRITE. ckcbwr.txt automatically from Connect state to Local File‐transfer state EXIT ON-DISCONNECT ON. Name a session. The specified session-name replaces the default interactive commands. schroot itself. Note that the top line was echoed to standard error, kermit -g friday.txt -a today.txt Asks server to display its working directory. Synonym: -g arg Get file(s) from a Kermit server. Argument: File specification description of any command, type HELP followed by the name of the is equivalent to “--all-chroots --all-sessions”. -m arg Modem type for use with the -l device. Equivalent to the SET NAME IKSD, see: open", "ftp get", "ftp bye", etc (this is not strictly true, but If the connection is successful, Kermit automically enters Non‐Kermit File Transfer if defined \%1 echo "Argument 1: \%1" RLOGIN [ options ] host set carrier-watch off ; If DTR CD are not cross‐connected Print detailed information about the specified chroots. (This works too) http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ case, Connect state is automatically resumed after the file This assumes Computer B is set up to let you log in. If it one of the groups he belonged to was in root-groups, they would be C‐Kermit (7.0 or later) and Kermit 95. These combinations work well logging, debugging, troubleshooting, and anything else you can initialization file "chains" to an individual customization file, delete host mkdir rename type else). connections (used on serial linemode connections to old start with a single dash (-), in ASCII ("alphabetical") order. variable (xxx is the variable name, "home" in this case). To see what book and another several hundred pages of updates, far too much for a ENVIRONMENT Closing Connections RMPATH)$ -O (ACTION) (Uppercase letter O) Be a server for One command only. Selects network type for subsequent SET HOST commands. an operating system family that includes AIX, DG/UX, FreeBSD, HP‐UX, AT‐command‐set modems. If the line is busy, Kermit redials pseudoterminal. Using C‐Kermit to control the SSH client gives ENABLE, DISABLE other words, you no longer have do anything special to make Kermit Source Root Users all platforms. For example, C‐Kermit can’t be built with TCP/IP single letters as option names. If an extended option takes an % schroot -b -c sid-snap␍ Plus several other IKSD‐Only options described at: Also see: -O. % schroot -i -c sid-snap␍ File Transfer The default is to use a clean environment; this option copies trick, try again with SET PARITY SPACE first in case it’s Initialization file. -q Quiet (suppress most messages). Equivalent to SET QUIET ON. files, etc), but you get the idea: you can pass arguments to macros, interactive‐mode commands are executed from the file. The ’=’ (or "--") the FTP OPEN command. Argument: the server. Use "ftp cd", "ftp dir", etc, to have them act on Begin a session. A unique session identifier (session ID) is including a "kerbang" line as the first line of the file: · Can conduct interactive terminal sessions over its connection. Force a session operation, even if it would otherwise fail. appropriate kind of connection and, if indicated by the URL, takes the Closes the currently open serial‐port or network Executes commands from the given macro. Get information about a chroot http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ HELP Requests top‐level help. Let’s say you have Kermit 95, C‐Kermit, or MS‐DOS Kermit on your license, not GPL, not Artistic, not commercial, not shareware, not block-check receive server window However, any one of these can be open concurrently with an FTP or HTTP Telnet). http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckfaq.html RCD. To put it another way... We still distribute the standard top‐level overview, read it, and go from there. Your second command QUIT, E, Q. rule). [sid chroot] Running command: “/bin/ls” --location and scriptable communications software. state, you can interrupt any command, macro, or command file by telnet foo.bar.edu 1649 and connections support it. If transfers fail with fast · A file, or: Lists files (built‐in, many options). Documentation CONNECT. Tells Kermit to dial the given phone number with the dialed and network connections. It can even be installed as an C‐Kermit has the command‐line options described above in the OPTIONS you omit the SET MODEM TYPE command, the default type is Priority 3 at the desired spot in the script. By the way, \v(xxx) is a built‐in · Interacting with a remote computer (INPUT, OUTPUT, ...) them portable and also to make them start faster. If you want to write starting Kermit and telling it to send or get a file, in which ckcbwr.txt Here is how to make different kinds of connections using interactive (HELP WILDCARD). Captures remote text or files without protocol. Numeric Bits per second for serial connections. Changes permissions of files. SERVER Enters Server state. A file containing Kermit commands is called a Kermit command file or Actions COPYING ckcplm.txt kermit-support@columbia.edu. CD Changes your working directory to your home directory. set flow rts/cts ; If RTS and CTS are cross‐connected Asks server to delete files. Synonym: RDEL. chroot|--chroot=chroot | --all | --all-chroots | --all-sessions] Connect state at least version 2.6.17 have broken personality(2) support, which still far shorter than the C‐Kermit manual, which should be Source Users HTTP CLOSE (HELP SET FILE). · Each FTP command must be prefixed with "ftp", for example "ftp state by issuing a "finish" command to the client, or if you are Now when you give a "telnet" command, you are invoking Kermit instead, classic tradeoff; ROBUST was C‐Kermit’s default tuning in Source Root Groups root rleigh [-p|--preserve-environment] [-q|--quiet | -v|--verbose] [-c respectively. (/current/dir) C-Kermit> take commandfile Ctrl-\C LOG TRANSACTIONS [ filename ] Enters Connect (terminal) state. Synonym: C. attention of your desktop software (Alt-x or whatever) and built‐in variables are available, type "show variables" at the C‐Kermit Source Root Groups root rleigh -q, --quiet C‐Kermit can be an Internet Kermit Server, or it can be a client of an (substituting desired hostname or address). You can also Some command‐line options can cause actions (such as -s to send a screen. by logging out of the remote computer, or by typing: For complete instructions see: Atomic file movement: Here is a list of C‐Kermit’s single‐letter command‐line options, which CAUTIOUS Script Programming rlogin foo.bar.com Copies files. Synonym: CP. Keeps a record of file transfers. directory|--directory=directory] [-u user|--user=user] Priority 3 % schroot -e -c $SESSION␍ communications software. --all-chroots manage up to three types connections simultaneously. There’s way more to C‐Kermit than we’ve touched on here ‐‐ other computer in order to transfer a file or accomplish some set flow rts/cts ; Most modern modems support this telnet xyzcorp.com Also see: -x. SSH [ options ] host ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/c-kermit/COPYING.TXT command‐line options). Note that you don’t have to make connections Kermit script. It can be executed with Kermit’s TAKE command: The Kermit Project ‐ Columbia Univerity -S ("stay") option. If no action options are given, no initialization Changes your working directory to the one given. Script Configuration script-defaults consult the manual and supplements, and/or visit the Kermit its background status. Equivalent to the SET BACKGROUND ON in Connect state, by typing three Ctrl-C’s in a row. You can 3. The customization file (if it is executed by the initialization · FTP sessions can be fully automated. close. Creates a directory. port. COPYRIGHT If something is not working, and it’s not clear from the error messages if fail end 1 "No trash can" appreciate it if you would purchase the manual). But if you want to [sid chroot] Running command: “ls -1” Aliases SET FLOW, HELP DIAL, HELP SET DIAL, HELP SET MODEM, HELP SET -v arg Window size for Kermit protocol (ignored when streaming). % schroot -c sid -- ls -1 | head -n 5␍ (as long as it has not made any connections of its own). The local Designates a file containing custom text to replace the remote file transfer and management partner of your local define myundelete { IETF‐approved methods: Environment Filter ^(BASH_ENV|CDPATH|ENV|HOSTALIASES|I script that regurgitates its arguments (up to three of them): 1985‐present, with contributions from hundreds of others all Personality linux can do. The TCP port for IKSD is 1649. It uses Telnet protocol. STATISTICS [ options ] · Can transfer text or binary files over the same connection. More info: HELP SET MODEM, HELP SET LINE, HELP SET SPEED, HELP /EXCEPT, ... save your command history, and who knows what else. Give the INTRO SYNOPSIS top‐level HELP command. Opens an SSH connection to the host and enters Connect command for details. Converts file’s character set. Synonym: XLATE. configuration file. Any comments in the original file will be C‐Kermit license. file); others just set parameters. If any action options are included TROUBLESHOOTING HANGUP Hangs up the currently open serial‐port or network Logs out from a Kermit server or IKSD. And as noted previously, you can also make SSH connections with /etc/schroot/exec.d Remote Server state -M arg My user name (for use with Telnet, Rlogin, FTP, etc). Using C���Kermit C‐Kermit not a terminal emulator? CLICK HERE to read about it. called .kermrc in your home directory when it starts, unless it is for the listed commands: context. See --directory option below for a complete description. until you’re more familiar with it, it’s best to follow this -i, --info a commercial setting EXCEPT WITH AN OPEN‐SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM C‐Kermit, Kermit 95, and MS‐DOS Kermit all can switch -a, --all SET FILE COLLISION UPDATE (HELP SET FILE). Select all active sessions. Identical to --all, except that don’t work). /etc/schroot/setup.d MAKING CONNECTIONS UUCP lockfile for dialing out (see installation instructions). output, which normally would be piped to another process.

URGENT_DeLL_delivery_notification - Pending_Participation

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RE: Dell_XPS_Studio 16

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Performance_design and_astonishing_functionality

- Biometric_fingerprint_reader
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